Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
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Explain6 marks2026Q75Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Explain the reasons why there were changing attitudes towards immigrants to the USA up to 1928.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
To what extent9 marks2026Q76Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
To what extent were the βJim Crowβ laws the main reason why Black Americans migrated to the North before 1945?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.amber = the isolated factor to weigh up.
(Use recalled knowledge to introduce then present a balanced assessment of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
To what extent / How important / How successful Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)a factor
There are several reasons why words from the question. These include the isolated factor, FACTOR 2, and FACTOR 3.β 1 mark (introduction)
Some historians think the isolated factor was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact (up to 5)
However, other historians think FACTOR 2 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 mark (balance) + 1 KU per fact
Other historians think FACTOR 3 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact
Overall, the isolated factor / FACTOR 2 / FACTOR 3 was the most important words from the question. This is because [reason why β does not need to be new].β 2 marks (conclusion)
How it's marked
5 marks for knowledge β 1 KU mark for each accurate, developed fact you give to support your factors (not too brief). If only one factor is presented, max 3 for knowledge.
Structure marks: 1 for an introduction, 1 for balance (more than one factor), 2 for a conclusion (1 for a valid judgement, 1 for a reason supporting it).
π‘It is asking: one factor is a reason β but there are others, so decide which was MOST important.
π‘Each fact you add (including every "Alsoβ¦") earns a KU mark, as long as it is developed and not too brief β up to 5.
Evaluate the usefulness5 marks2026Q77Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Evaluate the usefulness of Source A as evidence of what happened during the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(You may want to comment on what type of source it is, who wrote it, when they wrote it, why they wrote it, what they say and what has been missed out.)
Tip: Highlight up to 2 content points you would quote (content is worth up to 2 marks) β then consider author, purpose, timing and omission.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A β is from a speech given by Martin Luther King Jr. in 1955.
Last Thursday, Rosa Parks was taken to jail because she refused to give up her seat on the bus to a white person. Mrs Rosa Parks is a fine person, nobody can doubt her character or her Christian commitment. So, in a show of unity, we will refuse to ride the city buses in Montgomery until they are desegregated. We have arranged for taxi services to be available for all protestors struggling for transport to their jobs.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Evaluate the usefulness Β· Appears in 2 sections
Remember COAT
πContent β what the source says
π«Omission β what the source leaves out
βοΈAuthor β who wrote it
πTiming β when it was written
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Source X says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X also says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X omits _____. This makes the source less useful. Source X also omits _____. This makes the source less useful.β 1 mark (omission)
Source X was written by _____. This makes the source useful because they have personal / professional experience of, or are an expert in, words from the question.β 1 mark (author)
Source X was written in _____. This is useful as it was during the time of / has the benefit of hindsight about words from the question.β 1 mark (timing)
How it's marked
Maximum 4 marks for comments on author, type of source, purpose and timing.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on the content of the source.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on points of significant omission.
π‘You can also comment on the Purpose and Type of source.
How fully6 marks2026Q78Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
How fully does Source B describe the views of Malcolm X?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source B
Source B describes the views of Malcolm X.
Malcolm X was critical of the non-violent protests as he believed they did not improve the lives of Black Americans living in Northern ghettos. Newspapers, radio and television were used by Malcolm X to reach audiences with his skilful speeches. He believed that Black Americans should be willing to use violence to win their freedom. Malcolm X also preached that Black Americans should spend their money in Black-owned businesses to gain more economic power. In addition, he wanted Black Americans to organise community groups to improve their own lives.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
Describe4 marks2025Q76Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Describe the experiences of immigrants in the USA up to 1928.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Describe Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)
One words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A second words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A third words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A fourth words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
Example: One use of new technology on the Western Front during the First World War was mustard gas, which was used to blind soldiers and make it more difficult for them to fight.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark for each point that is developed.
Full marks by four straightforward points, two developed points, or a combination.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be awarded for each accurate relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark should be awarded for each point that is developed, up to a maximum of 4 marks.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing four straightforward points, by making two developed points (or any combination of these).
Possible points of knowledge
new immigrants were first taken to Ellis Island to be processed
many faced discrimination, for example, Italians
many lived in slum housing with few amenities
diseases spread easily due to the poor living conditions
many were unskilled so worked in low paid jobs
some immigrants did not speak English so found it difficult to find employment
they were often blamed for being strike breakers
they were blamed for spreading new political ideas, for example, communism
Explain6 marks2025Q77Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Explain the reasons why the βJim Crowβ laws had a negative impact on the lives of Black Americans in the South.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be awarded for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark should be awarded for reasons that are developed.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing six straightforward reasons, three developed reasons (or any combination of these).
Possible reasons
segregated schools led to a lower quality education and resources
Black American teachersβ were not allowed to teach in white schools which limited their careers
segregated housing led to poorer housing facilities
segregated eating facilities meant Black Americans had to eat separately
restrictions on marriages led to Black and white Americans not being able to marry
restrictions on medical treatment meant access to healthcare was more limited
segregated transport led to Black Americans sitting at the back of the bus
restrictions on sports led to Black Americans being unable to play with white Americans
restrictions on toilets led to Black Americans having separate and poorer quality facilities
voting restrictions prevented Black Americans from exercising their right to vote.
Compare the views4 marks2025Q78Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Compare the views of Sources A and B about the attitudes and activities of the Ku Klux Klan.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Compare the sources overall and/or in detail.)
Tip: Highlight 2β3 points of comparison β either where the sources agree OR where they disagree. You do not need both; pick one set and compare them point by point.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Sources A and B are about the attitudes and activities of the Ku Klux Klan.
The Klan were anti-Black, anti-Jewish and also anti-Catholic. The revival of the Klan was partly due to the film, The Birth of a Nation, which was set in the Southern States at the time of the Civil War. Violence from the Klan first flared in a rampage of whippings along with tar-and-feathers raids. Judges and law officers either ignored the violence or secretly participated as few Klansmen were arrested.
Source B
The Klan targeted groups who did not fit into the White Anglo-Saxon Protestant way of life. The Klan had a lot of power in the 1920s and even held marches in Washington, DC. The support the KKK had from important members of Southern law enforcement helped to keep them out of jail. The newspapers published accounts of Klan acts of violence, including floggings and lynchings.
Overall, do the sources agree or disagree? (worth a mark for an overall comparison)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Compare the views Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Overall, Sources X and Y [agree/disagree] about words from the question.β 1 mark (overall)
The sources agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
The sources also agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
How it's marked
1 mark for a simple comparison (what the sources agree/disagree about).
2 marks for a developed comparison, supported by specific references to each source.
Full marks by four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons, or a combination.
π‘One set of points will agree, one will disagree.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
A simple comparison will indicate what points of detail or viewpoint the sources agree or disagree on and should be awarded 1 mark.
A developed comparison of the points of detail or overall viewpoint should be awarded a second mark.
Candidates may achieve full marks by making four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons (or by any combination of these).
Overall: Overall β the sources agree about the attitudes and activities of the Ku Klux Klan.
Points of comparison
agree
Source A: The Klan were anti-Black, anti-Jewish and also anti-Catholic.
Source B: The Klan targeted groups who did not fit into the White Anglo-Saxon Protestant way of life.
agree
Source A: Violence from the Klan first flared in a rampage of whippings along with tar-and-feathers raids.
Source B: The newspapers published accounts of Klan acts of violence, including floggings and lynchings.
agree
Source A: Judges and law officers either ignored the violence or secretly participated as few Klansmen were arrested.
Source B: The support the KKK had from important members of Southern law enforcement helped to keep them out of jail.
To what extent9 marks2025Q79Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
How successful were the non-violent civil rights campaigns up to 1968?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.amber = the isolated factor to weigh up.
(Use recalled knowledge to introduce then present a balanced assessment of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
To what extent / How important / How successful Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)a factor
There are several reasons why words from the question. These include the isolated factor, FACTOR 2, and FACTOR 3.β 1 mark (introduction)
Some historians think the isolated factor was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact (up to 5)
However, other historians think FACTOR 2 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 mark (balance) + 1 KU per fact
Other historians think FACTOR 3 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact
Overall, the isolated factor / FACTOR 2 / FACTOR 3 was the most important words from the question. This is because [reason why β does not need to be new].β 2 marks (conclusion)
How it's marked
5 marks for knowledge β 1 KU mark for each accurate, developed fact you give to support your factors (not too brief). If only one factor is presented, max 3 for knowledge.
Structure marks: 1 for an introduction, 1 for balance (more than one factor), 2 for a conclusion (1 for a valid judgement, 1 for a reason supporting it).
π‘It is asking: one factor is a reason β but there are others, so decide which was MOST important.
π‘Each fact you add (including every "Alsoβ¦") earns a KU mark, as long as it is developed and not too brief β up to 5.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 9 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to 5 marks can be awarded for relevant, factual, key points of knowledge used to support factors, with 1 mark given for each point.
If only one factor is presented, a maximum of 3 marks should be awarded for relevant points of knowledge.
A further 4 marks can be awarded for providing the answer in a structured way and coming to a reasoned conclusion (introduction, structure, conclusion with a valid judgement, and a reason in support of the judgement).
Montgomery Bus Boycott
the courts decided that segregation on buses was unconstitutional, and buses were desegregated in Montgomery
many public facilities in the South were still segregated, for example, swimming pools, cinemas
Little Rock
events attracted worldwide attention due to the TV publicity
most Black children still attended previously segregated schools
Sitβins
many white students joined in the sit-ins to show support for civil rights
many protestors were violently attacked and were at risk of death
Freedom Rides
all interstate bus stations and facilities were desegregated by the US government
transport in the South remained segregated
Protests in Birmingham
various segregated facilities throughout Birmingham were desegregated
violent attacks from the KKK increased after the protest
March on Washington
highlighted mass support for civil rights, for example, 250,000 people took part
there were no immediate legal changes to improve the lives of Black Americans
How fully6 marks2025Q80Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
How fully does Source C describe the actions of the Black Panther Party?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source C
Source C describes the actions of the Black Panther Party.
One of the most respected of the community programmes of the Black Panther Party was the Black Student Alliance which supported students with resources and tutor support. This gained attention of the FBI and became a primary target of the FBI Counterintelligence programme. Additionally, the Panthers introduced a programme which provided senior citizens with a safe transportation service. Panthers started actively carrying loaded weapons to counter police brutality. Members of the Black Panthers also carried cameras, law books and tape recorders to monitor the police in Black communities.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be awarded for each valid point selected from the source or each valid point of significant omission provided.
Candidates should be awarded up to 3 marks for their interpretation of points from the source which support their judgement.
Candidates should be awarded up to 4 marks for their identification of points of significant omission, based on their own knowledge, that support their judgement.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for answers in which no judgement has been made or which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
One of the most respected of the community programmes of the Black Panther Party was the Black Student Alliance which supported students with resources and tutor support. (The Black Panther Party gave educational support to students.)
Additionally, the Panthers introduced a programme which provided senior citizens with a safe transportation service. (The Black Panther Party gave older Black Americans access to safe transport.)
Panthers started actively carrying loaded weapons to counter police brutality. (The Black Panther Party carried guns to protect people from the police.)
Members of the Black Panthers also carried cameras, law books and tape recorders to monitor the police in Black communities. (The Black Panther Party monitored police activity.)
Points of significant omission
the Black Panther Party opened up health clinics, which offered medical services
free breakfast for school children which was offered at several Black Panther sites
the Black Panther Party offered transportation services to visit relatives in prison
the Black Panther Party set up clothing and shoe banks to help those in poverty
the Black Panther Party provided legal assistance to those in need
the Black Panther Party carried out street patrols to stop violence and gangs
Describe4 marks2024Q76Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Describe government policy towards immigration up to 1928.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Describe Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)
One words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A second words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A third words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A fourth words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
Example: One use of new technology on the Western Front during the First World War was mustard gas, which was used to blind soldiers and make it more difficult for them to fight.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark for each point that is developed.
Full marks by four straightforward points, two developed points, or a combination.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be awarded for each accurate relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark should be awarded for each point that is developed, up to a maximum of 4 marks.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing four straightforward points, by making two developed points (or any combination of these).
Possible points of knowledge
the 'Open Door' policy was abandoned after the First World War
immigrants were taken to Ellis Island to be processed before entry to the USA
immigrants who were believed to be criminals were not allowed entry
immigrants who suffered from serious diseases were not allowed entry
literacy tests were introduced to restrict immigration
the Emergency Immigration Act established a quota system
the Immigration Act restricted eastern and southern Europeans and Asian immigrants
Compare the views4 marks2024Q77Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Compare the views of Sources A and B about the changing attitudes towards immigrants.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Compare the sources overall and/or in detail.)
Tip: Highlight 2β3 points of comparison β either where the sources agree OR where they disagree. You do not need both; pick one set and compare them point by point.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Sources A and B are about the changing attitudes towards immigrants.
After World War I, there was now a concern in the USA as many immigrants were believed to be uneducated and unskilled. Immigrants were often accused of breaking strikes, which changed attitudes towards them because working rights and pay deteriorated. There was now a growing fear that immigrants would take jobs from American workers. Immigrants also increased the demand for already scarce housing which increased rent prices.
Source B
Sources A and B are about the changing attitudes towards immigrants.
During the 20th century, some immigrants moved to the USA to expand their businesses, so were often liked as they were skilled workers. At the end of World War I there was high unemployment in the USA. However, concerns about immigrants stealing American jobs did not materialise as they mostly worked in undesirable occupations. Increasingly, they were respected as they took part in the trade union movement, which fought for better wages for all workers.
Overall, do the sources agree or disagree? (worth a mark for an overall comparison)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Compare the views Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Overall, Sources X and Y [agree/disagree] about words from the question.β 1 mark (overall)
The sources agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
The sources also agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
How it's marked
1 mark for a simple comparison (what the sources agree/disagree about).
2 marks for a developed comparison, supported by specific references to each source.
Full marks by four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons, or a combination.
π‘One set of points will agree, one will disagree.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
A simple comparison will indicate what points of detail or viewpoint the sources agree or disagree on and should be awarded 1 mark.
A developed comparison of the points of detail or overall viewpoint should be awarded a second mark.
Candidates may achieve full marks by making four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons (or any combination of these).
Overall: Overall β the sources disagree about the changing attitudes towards immigrants.
Points of comparison
disagree
Source A: After World War I, there was now a concern in the USA as many immigrants were believed to be uneducated and unskilled.
Source B: During the 20th century, some immigrants moved to the USA to expand their businesses, so were often liked as they were skilled workers.
disagree
Source A: Immigrants were often accused of breaking strikes, which changed attitudes towards them because working rights and pay deteriorated.
Source B: Increasingly, they were respected as they took part in the trade union movement, which fought for better wages for all workers.
disagree
Source A: There was now a growing fear that immigrants would take jobs from American workers.
Source B: However, concerns about immigrants stealing American jobs did not materialise as they mostly worked in undesirable occupations.
Explain6 marks2024Q78Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Explain the reasons why black Americans migrated North, up to 1945.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be awarded for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark should be awarded for reasons that are developed.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing six straightforward reasons, three developed reasons (or any combination of these).
Possible reasons
to escape the poverty experienced in the southern states, for example, sharecroppers
to flee the violent actions of the KKK
to avoid the discrimination of the segregation laws, for example, separate schooling
many black Americans were restricted from voting in the South
the agricultural depression caused many black Americans to lose their jobs
they were encouraged by relatives already living in the North
believed that housing in the Northern cities was a better standard
wages were higher in the industrial jobs in the North
more jobs were available in the factories in the North, for example, car manufacture
opportunity for more engagement in politics
the increase of a new black culture in the North, for example, the Harlem Renaissance
How fully6 marks2024Q79Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
How fully does Source C explain the reasons why Martin Luther King was successful in his role as a civil rights leader?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source C
Source C explains the reasons why Martin Luther King was successful in his role as a civil rights leader.
King was only 39 when he died, and his political career spanned less than 13 years. During that time, he established a successful civil rights group, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). Many Northern white Americans disapproved of the South's open racism, so assisted King's campaigns with money, moral support, and political pressure. King received a lot of publicity after he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. King attained a position of prestige and influence due to his excellent public speaking skills.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to a maximum of 6 marks in total, 1 mark should be awarded for each valid point selected from the source or each valid point of significant omission provided.
Candidates should be awarded up to 3 marks for their interpretation of points from the source which support their judgement.
Candidates should be awarded up to 4 marks for their identification of points of significant omission, based on their own knowledge, that support their judgement.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for answers in which no judgement has been made or which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
During that time, he established a civil rights group, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). (King set up a civil rights group.)
Many Northern white Americans disapproved of the South's open racism, so assisted King's campaigns with money, moral support, and political pressure. (King was supported by many white Americans.)
King received a lot of publicity after he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. (King became popular internationally.)
King attained a position of prestige and influence due to his excellent public speaking skills. (King was an excellent speaker.)
Points of significant omission
Martin Luther King's use of non-violence created support for his civil rights protests
his leadership led to successful protests, for example, the Montgomery Bus Boycott
his protests encouraged Presidents to become involved in civil rights
his speeches led to a lot of media attention, for example, 'I have a dream' in Washington D.C.
MLK developed campaigning networks making his protests more effective
Evaluate the usefulness5 marks2024Q80Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Evaluate the usefulness of Source D as evidence of the ghetto riots in the 1960s.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(You may want to comment on what type of source it is, who wrote it, when they wrote it, why they wrote it, what they say and what has been missed out.)
Tip: Highlight up to 2 content points you would quote (content is worth up to 2 marks) β then consider author, purpose, timing and omission.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source D β is from a textbook written by a modern historian in 2021.
After 1963, the United States endured violence on a scale not seen since the Civil War. The Harlem riots of 1964 are widely seen as beginning a wave of riots that lasted for years. These urban riots were mostly unplanned, attacking property of white-owned businesses. Groups such as the Black Panther Party used these riots to campaign for control of local resources in Black communities. The continuing unrest served as a message that the civil rights reforms of the mid-1960s were inadequate in solving the problem of racial inequality.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Evaluate the usefulness Β· Appears in 2 sections
Remember COAT
πContent β what the source says
π«Omission β what the source leaves out
βοΈAuthor β who wrote it
πTiming β when it was written
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Source X says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X also says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X omits _____. This makes the source less useful. Source X also omits _____. This makes the source less useful.β 1 mark (omission)
Source X was written by _____. This makes the source useful because they have personal / professional experience of, or are an expert in, words from the question.β 1 mark (author)
Source X was written in _____. This is useful as it was during the time of / has the benefit of hindsight about words from the question.β 1 mark (timing)
How it's marked
Maximum 4 marks for comments on author, type of source, purpose and timing.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on the content of the source.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on points of significant omission.
π‘You can also comment on the Purpose and Type of source.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
A maximum of 4 marks can be awarded for evaluative comments relating to the author, type of source, purpose and timing.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for evaluative comments relating to the content of the source.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for evaluative comments relating to points of significant omission.
Author/Type/Purpose/Timing
Author: modern historian β Useful as they have expert knowledge of the ghetto riots.
Type of Source: textbook β Useful as it contains information which is well researched.
Purpose: to inform β Useful as it provides detailed information.
Timing: 2021 β Useful as it has the benefit of hindsight.
Content
The Harlem riots of 1964 are widely seen as beginning a wave of riots that lasted for years. (Useful because it is accurate (the Harlem riots started the unrest).)
These urban riots were mostly unplanned, attacking property of white-owned businesses. (Useful because it is accurate (most city riots were mostly spontaneous).)
Groups such as the Black Panther Party used these riots to campaign for control of local resources in Black communities. (Useful because it is accurate (the Black Panthers tried to take advantage of the riots).)
Points of significant omission
thousands were arrested during the riots, for example, 20,000
widespread looting took place during the riots
some riots required thousands of police to bring areas under control, for example, the Watts riot in Los Angeles
police were targeted during the riots as causes of racial inequality
How fully6 marks2023Q75Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
How fully does Source A describe the immigrant experience in the USA in the 1920s?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Source A describes the immigrant experience in the USA in the 1920s.
New immigrants were often exploited by landlords who charged them high rents as they had nowhere else to go. These tenements typically consisted of six floors and four apartments per floor. Most tenements were built to house the maximum number of people in the smallest amount of space and led to extremely overcrowded conditions. Shared toilets were common as working-class housing rarely came with their own modern conveniences. Under such conditions, immigrants suffered high rates of disease often transmitted through unsafe drinking water.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to a maximum of 6 marks in total, 1 mark should be awarded for each valid point selected from the source or each valid point of significant omission provided.
Candidates should be awarded up to 3 marks for their interpretation of points from the source which support their judgement.
Candidates should be awarded up to 4 marks for their identification of points of significant omission, based on their own knowledge, that support their judgement.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for answers in which no judgement has been made or which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
New immigrants were often exploited by landlords who charged them high rents as they had nowhere else to go. (Immigrants struggled to afford the cost of rent.)
Most tenements were built to house the maximum number of people in the smallest amount of space and led to extremely overcrowded conditions. (Tenement housing was often small and cramped and overcrowded.)
Shared toilets were common as working-class housing rarely came with their own modern conveniences. (Housing lacked modern conveniences.)
Under such conditions, immigrants suffered high rates of disease often transmitted through unsafe drinking water. (Immigrants became ill due to their living conditions.)
Points of significant omission
humiliating physical examination on Ellis Island
many immigrants could not speak English so struggled to find work
many immigrants had a poor education leading to low paid and unskilled jobs
areas immigrants settled in often had high levels of crime
integration was often difficult because of racist attitudes prejudice
many immigrants were blamed for spreading ideas, such as communism
Evaluate the usefulness5 marks2023Q76Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Evaluate the usefulness of Source B as evidence of the experience of black Americans during World War Two.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(You may want to comment on what type of source it is, who wrote it, when they wrote it, why they wrote it, what they say and what has been missed out.)
Tip: Highlight up to 2 content points you would quote (content is worth up to 2 marks) β then consider author, purpose, timing and omission.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source B β from a letter written by an American army general in 1942
Source B is from a letter written by an American army general in 1942.
There are more than 70,000 black Americans who have signed up to serve in the US military. It is important to look in more detail at the contribution of these men in the defence effort so far. Some black Americans have been provided with officer training and there are now more than 400 black officers in our army. However, many black American soldiers are being given support roles which has prevented them from gaining frontline experience.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Evaluate the usefulness Β· Appears in 2 sections
Remember COAT
πContent β what the source says
π«Omission β what the source leaves out
βοΈAuthor β who wrote it
πTiming β when it was written
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Source X says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X also says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X omits _____. This makes the source less useful. Source X also omits _____. This makes the source less useful.β 1 mark (omission)
Source X was written by _____. This makes the source useful because they have personal / professional experience of, or are an expert in, words from the question.β 1 mark (author)
Source X was written in _____. This is useful as it was during the time of / has the benefit of hindsight about words from the question.β 1 mark (timing)
How it's marked
Maximum 4 marks for comments on author, type of source, purpose and timing.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on the content of the source.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on points of significant omission.
π‘You can also comment on the Purpose and Type of source.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must evaluate the extent to which a source is useful by commenting on evidence such as the author, type of source, purpose, timing, content or omission.
A maximum of 4 marks can be awarded for evaluative comments relating to the author, type of source, purpose and timing.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for evaluative comments relating to the content of the source.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for evaluative comments relating to points of significant omission.
Aspect of the source
Author: American army general (Useful as they will be an eyewitness to black Americans serving in the US military.)
Type of Source: letter (Useful as it is likely to give an accurate description of black American soldiersβ experience.)
Purpose: to inform (Useful as it gives detailed information about black Americans in the US military.)
Timing: 1942 (Useful as it was written at the time when black Americans were serving in the US military during World War Two.)
Content
There are more than 70,000 black Americans who have signed up to serve in the US military. (Useful because it is accurate (many black Americans volunteered to fight).)
Some black Americans have been provided with officer training and there are now more than 400 black officers in our army. (Useful because it is accurate (black Americans were trained as officers).)
However, many black American soldiers are being given support roles which has prevented them from gaining frontline experience. (Useful because it is accurate (many black American soldiers were given non-combatant roles).)
Points of significant omission
black American soldiers were often poorly treated in Southern training bases
black Americans fought the Double V campaign during war against racism in the USA
Tuskegee Airmen were the first black American military aviation unit in American history
black American women contributed to the war effort by nursing and working in the postal service
Explain6 marks2023Q77Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Explain the reasons why Martin Luther King was important in the campaigns for civil rights.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a number of points that make the issue plain or clear, for example by showing connections between factors or causal relationships between events or ideas. These should be key reasons but there is no need for any evaluation or prioritising of these reasons.
Up to a maximum of 6 marks in total, 1 mark should be awarded for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be awarded for reasons that are developed.
Possible reasons
MLK promoted the use of non-violent civil disobedience which gained support for civil rights
MLK established the civil rights group, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), to co-ordinate civil rights protest
MLK led effective protests to improve civil rights, for example the Montgomery Bus Boycott
MLKβs leadership forced some Southern States to desegregate public facilities
MLK motivated many through his public speaking, for example, βI Have a Dreamβ speech
MLKβs moderate leadership gained the support of many white Americans
MLK gained publicity for civil rights worldwide through his personal achievements, for example the Nobel Peace Prize
MLK convinced different presidents to pass new civil rights laws.
MLKβs assassination increased support for civil rights
To what extent9 marks2023Q78(a)Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
To what extent was crime the main problem faced by black Americans in the Northern ghettos?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.amber = the isolated factor to weigh up.
(Use recalled knowledge to introduce then present a balanced assessment of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
To what extent / How important / How successful Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)a factor
There are several reasons why words from the question. These include the isolated factor, FACTOR 2, and FACTOR 3.β 1 mark (introduction)
Some historians think the isolated factor was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact (up to 5)
However, other historians think FACTOR 2 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 mark (balance) + 1 KU per fact
Other historians think FACTOR 3 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact
Overall, the isolated factor / FACTOR 2 / FACTOR 3 was the most important words from the question. This is because [reason why β does not need to be new].β 2 marks (conclusion)
How it's marked
5 marks for knowledge β 1 KU mark for each accurate, developed fact you give to support your factors (not too brief). If only one factor is presented, max 3 for knowledge.
Structure marks: 1 for an introduction, 1 for balance (more than one factor), 2 for a conclusion (1 for a valid judgement, 1 for a reason supporting it).
π‘It is asking: one factor is a reason β but there are others, so decide which was MOST important.
π‘Each fact you add (including every "Alsoβ¦") earns a KU mark, as long as it is developed and not too brief β up to 5.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 9 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a judgement about the extent to which different factors contributed to an event or development, or its impact. They are required to provide a balanced account of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion based on the evidence presented.
Up to 5 marks can be awarded for relevant, factual, key points of knowledge used to support factors, with 1 mark awarded for each point. If only one factor is presented, a maximum of 3 marks should be awarded for relevant points of knowledge.
A further 4 marks can be awarded for providing the answer in a structured way and coming to a reasoned conclusion.
Crime
high rates of crime in the ghettos due to the high levels of poverty
gang and drug violence were commonplace in most ghetto areas
high rates of drug addiction and alcohol abuse within the ghettos
discrimination by police
Employment
high rates of unemployment increased poverty
jobs were often low paid
Housing
Northern ghettos were often made up of slum housing
black Americans found it difficult to afford the high rents
Education
ghetto schools were often underfunded
schools found it difficult to attract teachers affecting the quality of education
Health
black Americans found it difficult to access adequate health care
To what extent9 marks2023Q78(b)Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
To what extent were βJim Crowβ laws the main reason for the migration of black Americans to the North before 1945?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.amber = the isolated factor to weigh up.
(Use recalled knowledge to introduce then present a balanced assessment of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
To what extent / How important / How successful Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)a factor
There are several reasons why words from the question. These include the isolated factor, FACTOR 2, and FACTOR 3.β 1 mark (introduction)
Some historians think the isolated factor was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact (up to 5)
However, other historians think FACTOR 2 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 mark (balance) + 1 KU per fact
Other historians think FACTOR 3 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact
Overall, the isolated factor / FACTOR 2 / FACTOR 3 was the most important words from the question. This is because [reason why β does not need to be new].β 2 marks (conclusion)
How it's marked
5 marks for knowledge β 1 KU mark for each accurate, developed fact you give to support your factors (not too brief). If only one factor is presented, max 3 for knowledge.
Structure marks: 1 for an introduction, 1 for balance (more than one factor), 2 for a conclusion (1 for a valid judgement, 1 for a reason supporting it).
π‘It is asking: one factor is a reason β but there are others, so decide which was MOST important.
π‘Each fact you add (including every "Alsoβ¦") earns a KU mark, as long as it is developed and not too brief β up to 5.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 9 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a judgement about the extent to which different factors contributed to an event or development, or its impact. They are required to provide a balanced account of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion based on the evidence presented.
Up to 5 marks can be awarded for relevant, factual, key points of knowledge used to support factors, with 1 mark awarded for each point. If only one factor is presented, a maximum of 3 marks should be awarded for relevant points of knowledge.
A further 4 marks can be awarded for providing the answer in a structured way and coming to a reasoned conclusion.
βJim Crowβ laws
Supreme Court decisions allowed segregation
limited economic opportunities for black Americans, for example sharecropping, low paid jobs
inferior segregated facilities for southern black Americans, for example hospitals, rest rooms
interracial marriage was illegal
Ku Klux Klan
the KKK burned crosses to intimidate black Americans
the KKK attacked black Americans who opposed them
some police officers were members of the KKK so complaints were ignored
Opportunities in the North
industrial jobs in the North often offered higher wages
letters from family in the North often encouraged black Americans to migrate
many black Americans believed the Northern cities offered better lifestyles, better education
Describe4 marks2022Q76Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Describe the experiences of immigrants in the USA during the 1920s.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Describe Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)
One words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A second words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A third words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A fourth words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
Example: One use of new technology on the Western Front during the First World War was mustard gas, which was used to blind soldiers and make it more difficult for them to fight.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark for each point that is developed.
Full marks by four straightforward points, two developed points, or a combination.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be awarded for each accurate relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark should be awarded for each point that is developed, up to a maximum of 4 marks.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing four straightforward points, by making two developed points (or any combination of these).
Possible points of knowledge
some new immigrants experienced a language barrier which made it difficult to find employment
lack of education often led to new immigrants having to accept low paying jobs
new immigrants were often disliked as they were frequently used by employers to break strikes
new immigrants were often poor so could only afford to rent houses in slum areas of the city
housing in which new immigrants lived in was often poorly maintained
some new immigrants lived in communities which consisted of people from their native country, for example, Little Italy
some immigrants enjoyed a greater freedom of religion in the USA
some immigrants enjoyed a higher standard of living in the USA
To what extent9 marks2022Q77Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
To what extent were the activities of the Ku Klux Klan the most important reason for the migration of black Americans to the North up to 1945?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.amber = the isolated factor to weigh up.
(Use recalled knowledge to introduce then present a balanced assessment of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
To what extent / How important / How successful Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)a factor
There are several reasons why words from the question. These include the isolated factor, FACTOR 2, and FACTOR 3.β 1 mark (introduction)
Some historians think the isolated factor was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact (up to 5)
However, other historians think FACTOR 2 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 mark (balance) + 1 KU per fact
Other historians think FACTOR 3 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact
Overall, the isolated factor / FACTOR 2 / FACTOR 3 was the most important words from the question. This is because [reason why β does not need to be new].β 2 marks (conclusion)
How it's marked
5 marks for knowledge β 1 KU mark for each accurate, developed fact you give to support your factors (not too brief). If only one factor is presented, max 3 for knowledge.
Structure marks: 1 for an introduction, 1 for balance (more than one factor), 2 for a conclusion (1 for a valid judgement, 1 for a reason supporting it).
π‘It is asking: one factor is a reason β but there are others, so decide which was MOST important.
π‘Each fact you add (including every "Alsoβ¦") earns a KU mark, as long as it is developed and not too brief β up to 5.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 9 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to 5 marks can be awarded for relevant, factual, key points of knowledge used to support factors, with 1 mark given for each point. If only one factor is presented, a maximum of 3 marks should be awarded for relevant points of knowledge.
A further 4 marks can be awarded for providing the answer in a structured way and coming to a reasoned conclusion: 1 mark for an introduction, 1 mark for the answer being presented in a structured way, 1 mark for a conclusion with a valid judgement, 1 mark for a reason in support of the judgement.
Ku Klux Klan
the KKK would burn crosses outside the homes of black Americans in order to intimidate them
the KKK would kidnap and assault/murder black American who spoke out against them
in the South, the KKK had powerful members, including police, politicians and judges
Jim Crow Laws
the βSeparate but Equalβ decision of the Supreme Court made the Jim Crow laws
transport was segregated, for example, black Americans had to sit at the back of buses
Voting restrictions
some Southern states introduced qualifications which made it difficult for black Americans to register to vote
literacy tests were failed by most black Americans as they were marked by a white registrar
Attraction of the Northern cities
there were more employment opportunities in industrial factories in the Northern States
it was believed that the Northern cities had better housing conditions
Compare the views4 marks2022Q78Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Compare the views of Sources A and B about the experience of black Americans during World War Two.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Compare the sources overall and/or in detail.)
Tip: Highlight 2β3 points of comparison β either where the sources agree OR where they disagree. You do not need both; pick one set and compare them point by point.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Sources A and B are about the experience of black Americans during World War Two.
For many Americans, the war changed little but for others it made a dramatic difference. The βDouble Vβ campaign demanded victory for democracy at home as well as abroad, which was popular amongst black servicemen. Philip Randolph used the March on Washington Movement to secure a Presidential order to end segregation in the war industries. In the military, black Americans were given more opportunities such as the flight programme training pilots at Tuskegee, Alabama.
Source B
Almost as soon as America entered the war in 1941, the war effort required changes to military recruitment and training. The outbreak of war provided opportunities for black Americans to train as military pilots for the first time. President Roosevelt was pressured to issue an Executive order to prohibit discrimination in defence industries. Additionally, black soldiers supported the βDouble Vβ campaign as they fought to defeat Nazi Germany but also demanded civil rights at home.
Overall, do the sources agree or disagree? (worth a mark for an overall comparison)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Compare the views Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Overall, Sources X and Y [agree/disagree] about words from the question.β 1 mark (overall)
The sources agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
The sources also agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
How it's marked
1 mark for a simple comparison (what the sources agree/disagree about).
2 marks for a developed comparison, supported by specific references to each source.
Full marks by four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons, or a combination.
π‘One set of points will agree, one will disagree.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
A simple comparison will indicate what points of detail or viewpoint the sources agree or disagree on and should be awarded 1 mark.
A developed comparison of the points of detail or overall viewpoint should be awarded a second mark.
Candidates may achieve full marks by making four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons (or by any combination of these).
Overall: Overall β the sources agree about the experiences of black Americans during World War Two.
Points of comparison
agree
Source A: The βDouble Vβ campaign demanded victory for democracy at home as well as abroad, which was popular amongst black servicemen.
Source B: Additionally, black soldiers supported the βDouble Vβ campaign as they fought to defeat Nazi Germany but also demanded civil rights at home.
agree
Source A: Philip Randolph used the March on Washington Movement to secure a Presidential order to end segregation in the war industries.
Source B: President Roosevelt was pressured to issue an Executive order to prohibit discrimination in defence industries.
agree
Source A: In the military, black Americans were given more opportunities such as the flight programme training pilots at Tuskegee, Alabama.
Source B: The outbreak of war provided opportunities for black Americans to train as military pilots for the first time.
Explain6 marks2022Q79Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Explain the reasons why the Montgomery Bus Boycott was important in the campaigns for civil rights.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to a maximum of 6 marks in total, 1 mark should be awarded for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be awarded for reasons that are developed.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing six straightforward reasons, three developed reasons (or any combination of these).
Possible reasons
protesters were united over the year-long protest showing the power of their collective action
the bus boycott illustrated that non-violence was an effective protest method against the segregation laws
the boycott broke no laws which made it difficult for Southern whites, the police or state government to challenge the protests
the success of the protest inspired the NAACP and other civil rights groups to adopt non-violent methods for future protests
the bus boycott highlighted the power of the black community, since they made up 60 - 70% of the bus passengers
the success of the boycott illustrated that putting economic pressure on private companies could lead to changes to segregation laws
the boycott pushed Martin Luther King Jr to the forefront of civil rights as an effective leader
the TV image of King and protestors was non-threatening which led to some white people supporting black protests
How fully6 marks2022Q80(a)Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
How fully does Source C describe the activities of the Black Panthers?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source C
Source C describes the activities of the Black Panthers.
The Black Panthers stand out as perhaps the most controversial organisation of the black civil rights movement. They set up projects for black American communities which included its free ambulance programme. The Black Panthers had other welfare programmes, such as shoe distribution in ghetto areas. They also helped provide free transportation for black Americans to visit relatives in prison. On the other hand, the Black Panthers had many critics. What is remembered most about them is that Black Panthers on patrol would openly carry loaded weapons.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to a maximum of 6 marks in total, 1 mark should be awarded for each valid point selected from the source or each valid point of significant omission provided.
Candidates should be awarded up to 3 marks for their interpretation of points from the source which support their judgement.
Candidates should be awarded up to 4 marks for their identification of points of significant omission, based on their own knowledge, that support their judgement.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for answers in which no judgement has been made or which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
They set up projects for black American communities which included its free ambulance programme. (Black Panthers set up community support programmes.)
The Black Panthers had other welfare programmes, such as shoe distribution in ghetto areas. (Black Panthers operated welfare programmes in poor areas.)
They also helped provide free transportation for black Americans to visit relatives in prison. (Panthers operated transport programmes to help with prison visits.)
What is remembered most about them is that Black Panthers on patrol would openly carry loaded weapons. (Panthers carried weapons on patrol.)
Points of significant omission
the Black Panthers helped to protect the rights of Black Americans from police brutality, for example, carried law books, cameras and tape recorders
the Black Panthers distributed free clothing to those in need in the ghettos
they set up free health clinics for black Americans
they set up a free breakfast programme to feed needy black children
How fully6 marks2022Q80(b)Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
How fully does Source D describe the Freedom Rides?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source D
Source D describes the Freedom Rides.
The Freedom Rides took place at a time when Southern black people still suffered from segregation. The Riders travelled on buses through the American South using facilities such as lunch counters which were supposed to be white-only. Before starting, the Riders completed a few days of training on how to respond to any harassment. Hundreds of protesters were arrested during the campaign. The first Freedom Riders were unable to finish their journey by bus, so flew to New Orleans instead.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to a maximum of 6 marks in total, 1 mark should be awarded for each valid point selected from the source or each valid point of significant omission provided.
Candidates should be awarded up to 3 marks for their interpretation of points from the source which support their judgement.
Candidates should be awarded up to 4 marks for their identification of points of significant omission, based on their own knowledge, that support their judgement.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for answers in which no judgement has been made or which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
The Riders travelled on buses through the American South using facilities such as lunch counters which were supposed to be white-only. (Freedom Riders protested at lunch counters.)
Before starting, the Riders completed a few days of training on how to respond to any harassment. (Riders had harassment training before stating their Rides.)
Hundreds of protesters were arrested during the campaign. (Riders were often arrested on their protests.)
The first Freedom Riders were unable to finish their journey by bus, so flew to New Orleans instead. (The first Freedom Riders were unable to complete their bus journey.)
Points of significant omission
Freedom Rides also included white riders who used facilities designated for blacks
some buses carrying Freedom Riders were firebombed
members of the Ku Klux Klan sometimes boarded buses and attacked Freedom Riders
some Riders had to be taken to hospital due to their injuries
many Freedom Riders were sent to prison for crimes such as breach of the peace
there was huge media coverage of the Freedom Rides
Explain6 marks2021Q76Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Explain the reasons why immigrants were attracted to the USA.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be awarded for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark should be awarded for reasons that are developed.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing six straightforward reasons, three developed reasons (or any combination of these).
Possible reasons
many were attracted by the higher wages available in the United States
many were attracted by the jobs available in the United States
many were attracted by the better living conditions which the United States seemed to offer
many were attracted by the religious tolerance which America seemed to offer
many read letters from family relatives who had previously migrated to the United States and were attracted by the possibility of joining them
many hoped to benefit from the plentiful supply of land in the United States and were attracted by the prospect of owning property
many were attracted to the United States by the cheap and quick travel across the Atlantic offered by the steam ship companies
many were attracted to the United States by the 'American Dream' which seemed to offer equal opportunities and the chance of a better life.
Compare the views4 marks2021Q77Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Compare the views of Sources A and B about the experience of black American migrants in the Northern cities before 1941.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Compare the sources overall and/or in detail.)
Tip: Highlight 2β3 points of comparison β either where the sources agree OR where they disagree. You do not need both; pick one set and compare them point by point.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Sources A and B are about the experience of black American migrants in the Northern cities before 1945.
Here we live in peace, free from the racism we suffered in the Southern states. I have to work long hours in the factory but I am rewarded with good wages. At the end of my working day I am most thankful to return to my family in a home which is spacious and warm. A bright new future awaits you here in the North.
Source B
It is nearly a year since we moved from the South. Like other black Americans who live here, my whole family share a single, damp room. There are plenty of jobs in the nearby factory but my pay is just a dollar a day which is barely enough to buy the essentials. There may be no lynchings here but I still get called 'boy' and other names by white Americans.
Overall, do the sources agree or disagree? (worth a mark for an overall comparison)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Compare the views Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Overall, Sources X and Y [agree/disagree] about words from the question.β 1 mark (overall)
The sources agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
The sources also agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
How it's marked
1 mark for a simple comparison (what the sources agree/disagree about).
2 marks for a developed comparison, supported by specific references to each source.
Full marks by four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons, or a combination.
π‘One set of points will agree, one will disagree.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
A simple comparison will indicate what points of detail or viewpoint the sources agree or disagree on and should be awarded 1 mark.
A developed comparison of the points of detail or overall viewpoint should be awarded a second mark.
Candidates may achieve full marks by making four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons (or by any combination of these).
Overall: Overall β the sources disagree about the experience of black American migrants to the Northern cities.
Points of comparison
disagree
Source A: Here we live in peace, free from the racism we suffered in the Southern states.
Source B: (There may be no lynchings here but) I still get called 'boy' and other names by white Americans.
disagree
Source A: I have to work long hours in the factory but I am rewarded with good wages.
Source B: There are plenty of jobs in the nearby factory but my pay is just a dollar a day which is barely enough to buy the essentials.
disagree
Source A: At the end of my working day I am most thankful to return to my family in a home which is spacious and warm.
Source B: Like other black Americans who live here, my whole family share a single, damp room.
Evaluate the usefulness5 marks2021Q78Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Evaluate the usefulness of Source C as evidence of the experience of black Americans during World War Two.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(You may want to comment on what type of source it is, who wrote it, when they wrote it, why they wrote it, what they say and what has been missed out.)
Tip: Highlight up to 2 content points you would quote (content is worth up to 2 marks) β then consider author, purpose, timing and omission.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source C β from a textbook written by a modern historian in 2006
Source C is from a textbook written by a modern historian in 2006.
Although World War Two began in 1939, the United States did not enter the war until after the Japanese bombed the American fleet in Pearl Harbour in December 1941. More than 1 million black Americans served in the armed forces during the war. The availability of work in defence industries encouraged millions of Southern black Americans to migrate to Northern cities. In crowded wartime cities the unusually close proximity in which black and white Americans lived led to violence between the races.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Evaluate the usefulness Β· Appears in 2 sections
Remember COAT
πContent β what the source says
π«Omission β what the source leaves out
βοΈAuthor β who wrote it
πTiming β when it was written
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Source X says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X also says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X omits _____. This makes the source less useful. Source X also omits _____. This makes the source less useful.β 1 mark (omission)
Source X was written by _____. This makes the source useful because they have personal / professional experience of, or are an expert in, words from the question.β 1 mark (author)
Source X was written in _____. This is useful as it was during the time of / has the benefit of hindsight about words from the question.β 1 mark (timing)
How it's marked
Maximum 4 marks for comments on author, type of source, purpose and timing.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on the content of the source.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on points of significant omission.
π‘You can also comment on the Purpose and Type of source.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must evaluate the extent to which a source is useful by commenting on evidence such as the author, type of source, purpose, timing, content or omission.
A maximum of 4 marks can be awarded for evaluative comments relating to the author, type of source, purpose and timing.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for evaluative comments relating to the content of the source.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for evaluative comments relating to points of significant omission.
Aspects of the source
Author (modern historian): Useful because they are a well-informed expert.
Type of Source (textbook): Useful because it will have been researched thoroughly.
Purpose (to Inform): Useful because it provides detailed information about the experiences of black Americans during World War Two.
Timing (2006): Useful because it is written with the benefit of hindsight.
Content
More than one million black Americans served in the armed forces during the war. (Useful as it is accurate. (Many black Americans served in the military in World War Two).)
The availability of work in defence industries encouraged millions of Southern black Americans to migrate to Northern cities. (Useful as it is accurate. (Many black Americans moved North seeking work in munitions factories).)
In crowded wartime cities the unusually close proximity in which black and white Americans lived led to violence between the races. (Useful as it is accurate. (Race riots led to black and white Americans being killed and injured).)
Points of significant omission
black American soldiers were segregated from white American soldiers in the armed forces
hundreds of black Americans had the opportunity to train as pilots in the air force
by the end of the war, all three armed forces had appointed black American officers
black American soldiers who served in Europe experienced life in a more equal society.
Describe4 marks2021Q79Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Describe the non-violent protests of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Describe Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)
One words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A second words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A third words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A fourth words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
Example: One use of new technology on the Western Front during the First World War was mustard gas, which was used to blind soldiers and make it more difficult for them to fight.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark for each point that is developed.
Full marks by four straightforward points, two developed points, or a combination.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be awarded for each accurate relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark should be awarded for each point that is developed, up to a maximum of 4 marks.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing four straightforward points, by making two developed points (or any combination of these).
Possible points of knowledge
legal action leading to the decision of the Supreme Court in 1954 to declare segregation in schools unconstitutional
boycott of buses in Montgomery and other Southern cities
attempt by black American students to enter Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas
sit-ins β the occupation of lunch counters and other segregated places
freedom rides β travel on buses through southern states using segregated facilities at bus stations
Project C β marches in Birmingham, Alabama led by Martin Luther King
How fully6 marks2021Q80Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
How fully does Source D explain the reasons why race riots broke out in the Northern ghettos in the 1960s?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source D
Source D explains the reasons why race riots broke out in the Northern ghettos in the 1960s.
In the 1960s, hundreds of riots broke out in Northern ghettos. Riots were often sparked by acts of police discrimination and brutality against black Americans. Rioters were also angered by the poor housing conditions which they were forced to endure in the ghetto. Others felt encouraged to turn to violence by the Black Panthers. The Kerner Commission found that 40% of black Americans lived in poverty and argued that this was the main cause of the race riots in the Northern ghettos.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be awarded for each valid point selected from the source or each valid point of significant omission provided.
Candidates should be awarded up to 3 marks for their identification of points from the source which support their judgement.
Candidates should be awarded up to 4 marks for their identification of points of significant omission, based on their own knowledge, that support their judgement.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for answers in which no judgement has been made or which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
riots were often sparked by acts of police discrimination and brutality against black Americans
rioters were also angered by the poor housing conditions which they were forced to endure in the ghetto
others felt encouraged to turn to violence by the Black Panthers
the Kerner Commission found that 40% of black Americans lived in poverty and argued that this was the main cause of the race riots in the Northern ghettos.
Points of significant omission
black Americans in the ghetto were angry at a government which they believed to have ignored their needs for far too long
black Americans in the ghetto had become disillusioned with the Civil Rights Movement and its emphasis on non-violence
black Americans in the ghetto were angry at the lack of health services in the ghetto
low educational standards which meant that black Americans saw no way out of the ghetto
high crime rates in the ghetto led to even greater feelings of despair
discontent resulting from poverty (for example, low pay, high levels of unemployment).
Evaluate the usefulness5 marks2019Q75Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Evaluate the usefulness of Source A as evidence of the reasons why many Americans were against immigration in the 1920s.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(You may want to comment on what type of source it is, who wrote it, when they wrote it, why they wrote it, what they say and what has been missed out.)
Tip: Highlight up to 2 content points you would quote (content is worth up to 2 marks) β then consider author, purpose, timing and omission.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A β from a speech by an Alabama Senator in 1921
Source A is from a speech by an Alabama Senator in 1921.
As soon as the immigrants step off the decks of their ships our problem has begun β the spread of Communism and anarchy. These ships are filled with crooks who are a menace and danger to us every day. Thousands come here who never take the oath to support our constitution and become citizens of the United States. They pay allegiance to some other country and flag while they live upon the benefits of our own. Something must be done to stem the tide of immigration.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Evaluate the usefulness Β· Appears in 2 sections
Remember COAT
πContent β what the source says
π«Omission β what the source leaves out
βοΈAuthor β who wrote it
πTiming β when it was written
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Source X says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X also says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X omits _____. This makes the source less useful. Source X also omits _____. This makes the source less useful.β 1 mark (omission)
Source X was written by _____. This makes the source useful because they have personal / professional experience of, or are an expert in, words from the question.β 1 mark (author)
Source X was written in _____. This is useful as it was during the time of / has the benefit of hindsight about words from the question.β 1 mark (timing)
How it's marked
Maximum 4 marks for comments on author, type of source, purpose and timing.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on the content of the source.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on points of significant omission.
π‘You can also comment on the Purpose and Type of source.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
For a mark to be awarded, the candidate must identify an aspect of the source and make a comment which shows why this aspect makes the source more or less useful.
A maximum of 4 marks can be awarded for evaluative comments relating to the author, type of source, purpose and timing. A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for evaluative comments relating to the content of the source. A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for evaluative comments relating to points of significant omission.
Points from the source
Author: Senator from Alabama. Useful as he was an eyewitness.
Type of Source: speech. Useful because his views would reflect popular views.
Purpose: to persuade. Less useful because it is biased.
Timing: 1921. Useful as it is from the time when many Americans were against immigration.
Content: As soon as the immigrants step off the decks of their ships our problem has begun β the spread of communism and anarchy. Useful as it is accurate (many Americans feared that Russian immigrants may spread communism).
Content: These ships are filled with crooks that constitute a menace and danger to us every day. Useful as it is accurate (many Americans believed that immigrants β were responsible for the spread of crime).
Content: Thousands come here who never take the oath to support our constitution and become citizens of the United States/they pay allegiance to some other country and flag while they live upon the benefits of our own. Useful as it is accurate (many Americans were suspicious of immigrants who kept their own language and culture/questioned the loyalty of immigrants to America).
Points of significant omission
unemployment increased after the war and immigrants were accused of taking jobs from Americans/concern that immigrants would be used by employers to break strikes
concern that immigrant workers were forcing wages down by working for less
concern that immigrants would create pressure on scarce housing
feeling that new immigrants who were uneducated and illiterate had little to contribute to American life
many WASP Americans saw the arrival of Jewish and Roman Catholic immigrants from southern and eastern Europe as a threat to their Protestant religion
Explain6 marks2019Q76Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Explain the reasons why many black Americans migrated to the North.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be awarded for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be awarded for reasons that are developed.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing six straightforward reasons, three developed reasons (or any combination of these).
Possible reasons
many black Americans migrated north to escape white violence (for example lynchings were commonplace in the south)
many black Americans migrated north because they feared the Ku Klux Klan (for example the Klan bombed and burned churches, schools and other meeting places used by black people)
many black Americans disliked living in the southern states where segregation of the races was enforced through Jim Crow laws (for example Jim Crow Laws affected all areas of life β education, entertainment, housing, travel, health, leisure, marriage, work β and typically facilities for blacks were far inferior to those for whites)
many black Americans migrated north in the hope of gaining their political rights (for example Southern States restricted voting rights for blacks through literacy tests, poll taxes and Grandfather Clauses)
many black Americans migrated north to escape the poverty they experienced in the south (for example many black Americans were poor sharecroppers heavily in debt to white landowners for farming equipment and seeds for planting)
many black Americans migrated north as they were attracted by the job opportunities available in northern factories (for example wages in the northern factories were typically double those received by most black workers in the south)
many black Americans were encouraged to move north by articles/organisations (or family members) promoting the opportunities available to them in the north (for example publications such as the Chicago Defender published train schedules and lists of jobs to persuade southern blacks to migrate north)
To what extent9 marks2019 specimenQ76Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
To what extent was fear of revolution the main reason why many Americansβ attitude towards immigration changed after 1918?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.amber = the isolated factor to weigh up.
(Use recalled knowledge to introduce, then present a balanced assessment of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
To what extent / How important / How successful Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)a factor
There are several reasons why words from the question. These include the isolated factor, FACTOR 2, and FACTOR 3.β 1 mark (introduction)
Some historians think the isolated factor was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact (up to 5)
However, other historians think FACTOR 2 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 mark (balance) + 1 KU per fact
Other historians think FACTOR 3 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact
Overall, the isolated factor / FACTOR 2 / FACTOR 3 was the most important words from the question. This is because [reason why β does not need to be new].β 2 marks (conclusion)
How it's marked
5 marks for knowledge β 1 KU mark for each accurate, developed fact you give to support your factors (not too brief). If only one factor is presented, max 3 for knowledge.
Structure marks: 1 for an introduction, 1 for balance (more than one factor), 2 for a conclusion (1 for a valid judgement, 1 for a reason supporting it).
π‘It is asking: one factor is a reason β but there are others, so decide which was MOST important.
π‘Each fact you add (including every "Alsoβ¦") earns a KU mark, as long as it is developed and not too brief β up to 5.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 9 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a judgement about the extent to which different factors contributed to an event or development, or its impact. They are required to provide a balanced account of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion based on the evidence presented.
Up to 5 marks can be awarded for relevant, factual, key points of knowledge used to support factors, with 1 mark awarded for each point (but one mark should be deducted if the correct process is not clear in at least two factors). If only one factor is presented, a maximum of 3 marks should be awarded for relevant points of knowledge. A further 4 marks can be awarded for providing the answer in a structured way and coming to a reasoned conclusion.
Up to 4 marks should be awarded for presenting the answer in a structured way, leading to a conclusion which addresses the question: 1 mark for an introduction, 1 mark for the answer being presented in a structured way, 1 mark for a conclusion with a valid judgement (or overall summary), 1 mark for a reason in support of the judgement.
Fear of revolution
βRed Scareβ - many Americans were afraid that immigrants from Eastern Europe would bring in dangerous new ideas such as communism
growing fear of social unrest/violent revolution in America in the aftermath of Russian Revolution
1919 huge wave of strikes in USA which Americans claimed were caused by revolutionary workers from Eastern Europe.
Self-interest
concern that immigrants would take jobs /depress wages/break strikes
concern that immigrants would create pressure on scarce housing
American workers saw immigrants as a threat to their standard of living.
Racism
old immigrants, especially the WASPs, had lived in USA for several generations and many thought the new immigrants were inferior
WASPs saw the new immigrants as a threat to the American way of life
immigrants were often blamed for crime, disease, alcoholism and other social problems in cities
WASPs argued America must not be turned into a second rate power by second rate people (new immigrants).
Social factors
there were religious differences β older immigrants mainly Protestant, new immigrants Catholic/Jewish
new immigrants often settled amongst people from their own countries leading to a perception that they were unwilling to mix with other Americans.
How fully6 marks2019Q77Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
How fully does Source B describe the non-violent protests of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source B
Source B describes the non-violent protests of the Civil Rights Movement.
The 1950s marked the start of the Civil Rights Movement. Reverend Brown launched a legal action in the Supreme Court to win the right to send his child to a white school. Nine black students defied the abuse of white protestors and attended a white school in Little Rock, Arkansas. Rosa Parks refused to give up her bus seat to a white person and was arrested. She inspired the Montgomery Bus Boycott, with thousands of black Americans in the city refusing to ride on the buses.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates should be given up to 3 marks for their identification of points from the source that support their judgement.
Candidates should be given up to 4 marks for their identification of points of significant omission, based on their own knowledge, that support their judgement.
A maximum of 2 marks may be given for answers in which no judgement has been made or which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
Reverend Brown launched a legal action in the Supreme Court to win the right to send his child to a white school
nine black students defied the abuse of white protestors and attended a white school in Little Rock, Arkansas
Rosa Parks refused to give up her bus seat to a white person and was arrested
she inspired the Montgomery Bus Boycott, with thousands of black Americans in the city refusing to ride on the buses
Points of significant omission
sit ins β the occupation of lunch counters and other segregated places
freedom rides β travel on buses through southern states using facilities at bus stations
Birmingham β sit ins and marches in protest at segregation in the city
march on Washington β a quarter of a million people marched to the Lincoln Memorial to hear Martin Luther King's βI have a dreamβ speech
Selma β led by Martin Luther King, a group of demonstrators attempted to march from Selma, Alabama, to Montgomery, Alabama, to demand the right to vote
Compare the views4 marks2019 specimenQ77Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Compare the views of Sources A and B about the experience of immigrants in the USA during the 1920s. (Compare the sources overall and/or in detail.)
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
Tip: Highlight 2β3 points of comparison β either where the sources agree OR where they disagree. You do not need both; pick one set and compare them point by point.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Sources A and B are about the experience of immigrants in the USA in the 1920s.
Italians didnβt want to buy land. Few planned to stay in America for long, but wanted to return to Italy some day. They headed for the great cities where there was a far better prospect of finding employment. Italian Americans succeeded in jobs requiring little formal education, such as small business ownership. However, like other immigrants, they found other ways of making a living. Politics and sports were ladders for upward mobility.
Source B
My family lived in the city of Chicago. When I was 14 years old I started dodging school and so didnβt get much formal education. Around this time I turned to stealing. Then we joined an older gang because although they were only around 20 years old they were in the big money and drove around in fancy automobiles. My father came from Monfalcone in Italy and always hoped to return there.
Overall, do the sources agree or disagree? (worth a mark for an overall comparison)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Compare the views Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Overall, Sources X and Y [agree/disagree] about words from the question.β 1 mark (overall)
The sources agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
The sources also agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
How it's marked
1 mark for a simple comparison (what the sources agree/disagree about).
2 marks for a developed comparison, supported by specific references to each source.
Full marks by four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons, or a combination.
π‘One set of points will agree, one will disagree.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must interpret the evidence and make direct comparisons between sources. Candidates are expected to compare content directly on a point-by-point basis. They may compare the details in the sources and/or compare the viewpoints overall.
A simple comparison will indicate what points of detail or viewpoint the sources agree or disagree on and should be awarded 1 mark. A developed comparison of the points of detail or overall viewpoint should be awarded a second mark.
Overall: Overall - the sources agree about the experience of immigrants in the USA during the 1920s
Points of comparison
agree
Source A: They headed for the great cities (where there was a far better prospect of finding employment).
Source B: My family lived in the city of Chicago.
agree
Source A: Few planned to stay in America for long, but wanted to return to Italy some day.
Source B: My father came from Monfalcone in Italy and always hoped to return there.
agree
Source A: Italian Americans succeeded in jobs requiring little formal education.
Source B: (When I was 14 years old I started dodging school) and so didnβt get much formal education.
To what extent9 marks2019Q78Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
To what extent were the actions of the police the main cause of the race riots that broke out in Northern cities in the 1960s?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.amber = the isolated factor to weigh up.
(Use recalled knowledge to introduce then present a balanced assessment of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
To what extent / How important / How successful Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)a factor
There are several reasons why words from the question. These include the isolated factor, FACTOR 2, and FACTOR 3.β 1 mark (introduction)
Some historians think the isolated factor was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact (up to 5)
However, other historians think FACTOR 2 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 mark (balance) + 1 KU per fact
Other historians think FACTOR 3 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact
Overall, the isolated factor / FACTOR 2 / FACTOR 3 was the most important words from the question. This is because [reason why β does not need to be new].β 2 marks (conclusion)
How it's marked
5 marks for knowledge β 1 KU mark for each accurate, developed fact you give to support your factors (not too brief). If only one factor is presented, max 3 for knowledge.
Structure marks: 1 for an introduction, 1 for balance (more than one factor), 2 for a conclusion (1 for a valid judgement, 1 for a reason supporting it).
π‘It is asking: one factor is a reason β but there are others, so decide which was MOST important.
π‘Each fact you add (including every "Alsoβ¦") earns a KU mark, as long as it is developed and not too brief β up to 5.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 9 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to 5 marks can be awarded for relevant, factual, key points of knowledge used to support factors, with 1 mark awarded for each point. If only one factor is presented, a maximum of 3 marks should be awarded.
Up to 4 marks should be awarded for presenting the answer in a structured way, leading to a conclusion: 1 mark for an introduction, 1 mark for a structured answer, 1 mark for a conclusion with a valid judgement, 1 mark for a reason in support of the judgement.
Actions of the police
to most black Americans in the ghetto an almost entirely white police force was viewed as the enemy
the race riots were often sparked by acts or even rumours of police discrimination and brutality
police routinely harassed young black Americans in ghettos
Unemployment and economy
black Americans living in the ghetto were frustrated by the lack of job opportunities available to them (some ghettos, including Chicago's, had 50-70% black youth unemployment the Kerner Commission reported that black males were twice as likely to be unemployed as white males)
there were comparatively low levels of pay amongst black Americans in the ghetto (the Kerner Commission discovered that 40% of black Americans lived in poverty and argued that this was the main cause of the race riots in the northern ghettos)
Lack of social investment
black Americans living in the ghetto were angered by the living conditions which they were forced to endure (housing in the ghetto was usually overcrowded and of poor quality)
there were few medical centres in the ghettos and black Americans were frustrated by their inability to access proper medical care when required
there was resentment at the lack of investment in ghetto schools which led to low educational standards amongst young black Americans (only 32% of black pupils in ghetto schools finished high school compared to 56% of white Americans)
Political
many black Americans had become disillusioned with the Civil Rights Movement (many felt that organisations such as the NAACP knew little about ghetto life and the civil rights acts had done little to improve matters)
many black Americans in the ghetto were attracted to the Black Power movement (they looked to new leaders such as Malcolm X and Stokely Carmichael whose condoning of violence seemed a more appropriate response to the problems of the ghetto than Martin Luther King's belief in peaceful protest)
Describe4 marks2019 specimenQ78Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Describe how the Jim Crow laws affected black Americans.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Describe Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)
One words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A second words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A third words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A fourth words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
Example: One use of new technology on the Western Front during the First World War was mustard gas, which was used to blind soldiers and make it more difficult for them to fight.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark for each point that is developed.
Full marks by four straightforward points, two developed points, or a combination.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a number of relevant, factual points. These should be key points. These do not have to be in any particular order.
1 mark should be awarded for each accurate relevant key point of knowledge. A second mark should be awarded for each point that is developed, up to a maximum of 4 marks.
Possible points of knowledge
created a segregated society/enforced segregation between black and white people
some states made relationships/marriage between races illegal
separate schooling was enforced
separate toilets, washrooms and canteens
separate drinking fountains/hospital wards
transport facilities β trains and buses β were segregated
separate leisure and sporting facilities
black Americans were humiliated/made to feel inferior.
Explain6 marks2019 specimenQ79Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Explain the reasons why there was a growth in the civil rights movement between 1945 and 1968.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a number of points that make the issue plain or clear, for example by showing connections between factors or causal relationships between events or ideas. These should be key reasons but there is no need for any evaluation or prioritising of these reasons.
Up to a maximum of 6 marks in total, 1 mark should be awarded for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be awarded for reasons that are developed.
Possible reasons
the groundwork for a Civil rights movement had been laid by early reformers such as du Bois, Garvey and Washington who inspired others to join the cause
the experience of black American servicemen during WW2 had made them aware of non-segregated societies and more determined to fight against discrimination
during WW2 all Americans were called upon to fight for freedom and democracy but black Americans felt that they were denied their basic rights in their own country leading to growing support for civil rights for black Americans
success of Philip Randolph and the βDouble Vβ campaign encouraged greater demands for civil rights
NAACP and other organisations effectively highlighted discrimination faced by black Americans and gained support of both black and white Americans in support of civil rights
black people in the South living under a system of segregation/were subjected to violent persecution, such as lynching, and demanded reform
concern at other inequalities faced by black Americans eg low wages, poor housing and growing demands for improvements
success of non-violent protests β eg Montgomery Bus Boycott, Birmingham march encouraged others to become involved
leadership of black leaders such as Martin Luther King/Malcolm X inspired others to join the civil rights campaign
successes of non-violent movement encouraged black Americans to demand more
impact of more radical protests such as Nation of Islam attracted those who didnβt believe peaceful methods were working
media coverage especially television heightened awareness and motivated many to support the campaign.
How fully6 marks2019 specimenQ80Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
How fully does Source C describe the appeal of the Black Panthers to many black Americans? (Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source C
Source C is about the appeal of the Black Panthers to many black Americans.
The name βBlack Pantherβ was chosen because the panther is a strong fighter when it is cornered. They urged that it was now time to defend black Americans against this white aggression. When Huey Newton said things like βThe police have never been our protectorsβ, he voiced the distrust many black Americans felt towards the police. Little credit or publicity was given to the self-help programmes organised by the Black Panthers. In addition they also had a ten-point programme which included demands for better housing and education.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a judgement about the extent to which the source provides a full description or explanation of a given event or development.
Candidates should be awarded up to 3 marks for their identification of points from the source which support their judgement. Candidates should be awarded up to 4 marks for their identification of points of significant omission, based on their own knowledge, that support their judgement. A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for answers in which no judgement has been made or which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
urged that it was now time to defend black Americans against this white aggression
(Huey Newton) he voiced the distrust many black Americans felt towards the police
self-help programmes organised by the Black Panthers
they also had a ten-point programme which included demands for better housing and education.
Points of significant omission
Black Panthers condoned use of violence and this appealed to many blacks who were frustrated by the non-violent methods of the Civil Rights Movement
Black Panthers had charismatic leaders who gained attention and popularity
they demanded the release of black prisoners which had widespread support
Black Panthers gained support due to their efforts to give practical help to poor blacks such as breakfast clubs in schools and providing free health clinics
The Black Panthers encouraged blacks to be proud of the colour of their skin and their African American culture which appealed to many
Black Panthers gained much publicity from the support of athletes at the 1968 Olympic Games eg Black Power salute was a political demonstration conducted by African-American athletes, which inspired many other black Americans.
Describe4 marks2018Q76Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Describe the difficulties faced by immigrants to the USA in the 1920s.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Describe Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)
One words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A second words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A third words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A fourth words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
Example: One use of new technology on the Western Front during the First World War was mustard gas, which was used to blind soldiers and make it more difficult for them to fight.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark for each point that is developed.
Full marks by four straightforward points, two developed points, or a combination.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be given for each accurate relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark should be given for each point that is developed, up to a maximum of 4 marks.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing four straightforward points, by making two developed points (or a combination of these).
Possible points of knowledge
on first arrival to America, immigrants were taken to Ellis Island where they faced a physical examination and possible return
immigrants found it difficult to find accommodation/often had to pay high rent
overcrowded housing/some large families sometimes with 10 or 12 people had only one room to live in
housing which lacked adequate heating/cold and damp housing/housing without sanitation/running water
many immigrants were poorly educated/non-English speaking and struggled to find work
many immigrants found that the only work that was available to them was unskilled and low paid
many immigrants faced prejudice and discrimination from the American public (eg ethnicity, religious tensions, political views)
Evaluate the usefulness5 marks2018Q77Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Evaluate the usefulness of Source A as evidence of the ways in which the Jim Crow laws segregated black and white Americans.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(You may want to comment on what type of source it is, who wrote it, when they wrote it, why they wrote it, what they say and what has been missed out.)
Tip: Highlight up to 2 content points you would quote (content is worth up to 2 marks) β then consider author, purpose, timing and omission.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Source A is from a textbook written by modern historians, published in 2013.
Slavery had been abolished in the 1860s but the Southern states of the USA used Jim Crow laws to maintain a segregated society. Black children were forbidden to attend school with white children. At work, black Americans collected their pay separately from whites. There were also strict bans on whites and blacks marrying. In 1896, the Supreme Court ruled that such segregation of black people from white people was acceptable. Their ruling was called the βseparate but equalβ decision.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Evaluate the usefulness Β· Appears in 2 sections
Remember COAT
πContent β what the source says
π«Omission β what the source leaves out
βοΈAuthor β who wrote it
πTiming β when it was written
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Source X says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X also says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X omits _____. This makes the source less useful. Source X also omits _____. This makes the source less useful.β 1 mark (omission)
Source X was written by _____. This makes the source useful because they have personal / professional experience of, or are an expert in, words from the question.β 1 mark (author)
Source X was written in _____. This is useful as it was during the time of / has the benefit of hindsight about words from the question.β 1 mark (timing)
How it's marked
Maximum 4 marks for comments on author, type of source, purpose and timing.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on the content of the source.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on points of significant omission.
π‘You can also comment on the Purpose and Type of source.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
A maximum of 4 marks can be given for evaluative comments relating to the author, type of source, purpose and timing.
A maximum of 2 marks may be given for evaluative comments relating to the content of the source.
A maximum of 2 marks may be given for evaluative comments relating to points of significant omission.
Author
Modern historians β Useful because they are well-informed experts.
Type of source
Textbook β Useful because it will have researched the issue thoroughly.
Purpose
To inform β Useful because it provides detailed information.
Timing
2013 β Useful as it is written with the benefit of hindsight.
Content
Black children were forbidden to attend school with white children β Useful as it is accurate (education was segregated).
At work, black Americans collected their pay separately from whites β Useful as it is accurate (employment was segregated).
There were also strict bans on whites and blacks marrying β Useful as it is accurate (marriage between black and white Americans was forbidden).
Points of significant omission
separate train carriages/separate seating on buses
separate restaurants/separate seating areas in restaurants
separate leisure and sporting facilities
separate toilets, drinking fountains and restrooms.
Explain6 marks2018Q78Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Explain the reasons why sit-ins were an important step forward in the campaign for civil rights.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be given for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark should be given for reasons that are developed.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing six straightforward reasons, three developed reasons (or a combination of these).
the success of the sit-ins proved that blacks had economic power and could use it to end segregation
sit-ins attracted a great amount of media attention and sympathy for the civil rights movement/night after night TV viewers across America saw peaceful students being mistreated
the sit-ins led to the formation of the Students Non-Violent Co-ordinating Committee (SNCC) which provided student volunteers for marches and other protests
the use of the sit-in tactic spread to protest against other forms of racial segregation (eg wade-ins at segregated swimming pools/pray-ins at segregated churches)
sit-ins gave other black Americans (eg students/young people) the confidence and determination to campaign for civil rights.
How fully6 marks2018Q79Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
How fully does Source B describe the civil rights protest in Birmingham in 1963? (Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source B
Source B describes events in Birmingham, Alabama in 1963.
Birmingham was probably the most racist and segregated place in the USA. Martin Luther King led a protest march through Birmingham against the discrimination and inequality faced by black Americans in the city. The march was led by children with over 30,000 demonstrators taking part. Chief of Police, Bull Connor, ordered the arrest of protestors and many children aged 6 to 18 were jailed. On the following day water cannons were used to disperse the marchers. The events in Birmingham caused an outcry across America.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates should be given up to 3 marks for their identification of points from the source that support their judgement.
Candidates should be given up to 4 marks for their identification of points of significant omission, based on their own knowledge, that support their judgement.
A maximum of 2 marks may be given for answers in which no judgement has been made or which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
Martin Luther King led a protest march through Birmingham (against the discrimination and inequality faced by black Americans in the city)
the march was led by children/with over 30,000 demonstrators taking part
Chief of Police, Bull Connor, ordered the arrest of protestors (many children aged 6 to 18 were jailed)
on the following day water cannons were used to disperse the marchers
Points of significant omission
many protestors were beaten/injured by police (many of them were children)
dogs were also used by the police to attack the protestors
on the third day, the firemen refused to turn on their hoses/many of the police refused orders to attack the marchers
the march continued into a fourth day
the businessmen of Birmingham, worried about the impact on trade, offered to desegregate restrooms, lunch counters and drinking fountains within 90 days
the Ku Klux Klan was furious at the offer from the businessmen and firebombed black churches, houses and businesses.
Compare the views4 marks2018Q80Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Compare the views of Sources C and D about the beliefs of Malcolm X. (Compare the sources overall and/or in detail.)
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
Tip: Highlight 2β3 points of comparison β either where the sources agree OR where they disagree. You do not need both; pick one set and compare them point by point.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source C
Sources C and D describe the beliefs of Malcolm X.
Malcolm X was a leading figure in the Nation of Islam. Malcolm was a racist who hated white Americans, in much the same way that members of the KKK hated black Americans. His answer to the discrimination faced by black Americans was to call for segregation of the races β to separate black Americans from the βwhite enemyβ. In promoting βBlack is Beautifulβ, Malcolm argued that black Americans were a superior people to other races.
Source D
Malcolm X never once argued for segregation of white Americans from black Americans. He believed that black Americans should be in control of black communities and equally believed in white power for white people. Malcolm never believed that black people were superior to anyone else. Malcolm didn't hate white Americans, he just distrusted them, not because of their skin colour but because of the way they treated his people.
Overall, do the sources agree or disagree? (worth a mark for an overall comparison)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Compare the views Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Overall, Sources X and Y [agree/disagree] about words from the question.β 1 mark (overall)
The sources agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
The sources also agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
How it's marked
1 mark for a simple comparison (what the sources agree/disagree about).
2 marks for a developed comparison, supported by specific references to each source.
Full marks by four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons, or a combination.
π‘One set of points will agree, one will disagree.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
A simple comparison will indicate what points of detail or viewpoint the sources agree or disagree on and should be awarded 1 mark.
A developed comparison of the points of detail or overall viewpoint should be awarded a second mark.
Candidates may achieve full marks by making four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons (or by any combination of these).
Overall: Overall the sources disagree about the beliefs of Malcolm X.
Points of comparison
disagree
Source C: Malcolm was a racist who hated white Americans (in much the same way that members of the KKK hated black Americans).
Source D: Malcolm didn't hate white Americans, he just distrusted them (not because of their skin colour but because of the way they treated his people).
disagree
Source C: His answer to the discrimination faced by black Americans was to call for segregation of the races (to separate black Americans from the βwhite enemyβ).
Source D: Malcolm X never once argued for segregation of white Americans from black Americans.
disagree
Source C: In promoting βBlack is Beautifulβ, Malcolm argued that black Americans were a superior people to other races.
Source D: Malcolm never believed that black people were superior to anyone else.
Compare the views4 marks2017Q60β³ Older formatFree at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Compare the views of Sources A and B about the activities of the Ku Klux Klan.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Compare the sources overall and/or in detail.)
Tip: Highlight 2β3 points of comparison β either where the sources agree OR where they disagree. You do not need both; pick one set and compare them point by point.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Sources A and B describe the activities of the Ku Klux Klan.
Dressed in their white hoods the Klan were very frightening β they looked like ghosts! They sneaked around at night when us blacks were in our beds. My father told me that I should avoid them at all costs. He said the Klansmen tied up the blacks that they caught and beat them. They left their victims with their hands tied in the air and the blood streaming out of their wounds.
Source B
The Klan came to my house about ten oβclock. I was in bed at that time fast asleep. I jumped up, stepped to the door and looked out. As far as I could see they were all disguised, with white sheets pulled over their heads. The Klansmen came in and when I spoke they grabbed me. They took me out into the yard and struck me three times over the head with a pistol.
Overall, do the sources agree or disagree? (worth a mark for an overall comparison)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Compare the views Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Overall, Sources X and Y [agree/disagree] about words from the question.β 1 mark (overall)
The sources agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
The sources also agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
How it's marked
1 mark for a simple comparison (what the sources agree/disagree about).
2 marks for a developed comparison, supported by specific references to each source.
Full marks by four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons, or a combination.
π‘One set of points will agree, one will disagree.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make direct comparisons of the two sources, either overall or in detail.
A simple comparison should be given 1 mark; a developed comparison should be given 2 marks.
Candidates may achieve full marks by making four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons or by a combination of these.
Overall: The sources agree about the activities of the Ku Klux Klan.
Points of comparison
agree
Source A: Dressed in their white hoods the Klan were very frightening β they looked like ghosts!
Source B: As far as I could see they were all disguised, with whites sheets pulled over their heads
agree
Source A: They sneaked around at night when us blacks were in our beds
Source B: The Klan came to my house about ten oβclock. I was in bed at that time fast asleep
agree
Source A: The Klansmen tied up the blacks that they caught and beat them/They left their victims with their hands tied in the air and the blood streaming out of their wounds
Source B: They took me out into the yard they struck me three times over the head with a pistol
How fully6 marks2017Q61β³ Older formatFree at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
How fully does Source C explain the reasons why there was a growth in the civil rights movement after 1945? (Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source C
Source C is about the growth of the civil rights movement after 1945.
Soldiers in World War II experienced life in a more equal society when abroad and were determined to fight against discrimination when they returned. In the years that followed the war the campaign to gain equality for black Americans grew. Black Americans were better educated than previous generations and therefore better equipped to challenge discrimination. The success of the Montgomery Bus Boycott encouraged others to become involved in the fight for civil rights. The leadership of civil rights campaigner Martin Luther King inspired others to join the civil rights campaign.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make an overall judgement about how fully the source explains the events.
1 mark may be given for each valid point interpreted from the source or each valid point of significant omission provided.
A maximum of 2 marks may be given for answers which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
soldiers in World War II experienced life in a more equal society when abroad and were determined to fight against discrimination when they returned
black Americans were better educated than previous generations and therefore better equipped to challenge discrimination
the success of the Montgomery Bus Boycott encouraged others to become involved in the fight for civil rights
the leadership of civil rights campaigner Martin Luther King inspired others to join the civil rights campaign
Points of significant omission
World War II had been fought against the racism of Nazi Germany for the supposed freedom of all Americans, leading to a growth in support for civil rights for black Americans
influence of βDouble Vβ campaign encouraged greater demands for civil rights
organisations such as the NAACP were effective in highlighting the discrimination faced by black Americans and in attracting the support of black and white Americans in the movement for black civil rights
the support of federal government in ending segregation, such as at Central High School in Little Rock, encouraged black Americans to believe that their demands would not be ignored
civil rights campaigns, such as at the Marches on Birmingham and Washington, attracted great media publicity/further fuelled demands for change
Describe5 marks2017Q62β³ Older formatFree at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Describe the events at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas in 1957.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Describe Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)
One words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A second words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A third words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A fourth words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
Example: One use of new technology on the Western Front during the First World War was mustard gas, which was used to blind soldiers and make it more difficult for them to fight.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark for each point that is developed.
Full marks by four straightforward points, two developed points, or a combination.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be given for each accurate relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark should be given for each point that is developed, up to a maximum of 5 marks.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing five straightforward points, by making three developed points, or a combination of these.
Possible points of knowledge
nine black students were encouraged to enrol at Central High School by the NAACP
The Governor of Arkansas, Orval Faubus, was strongly opposed to desegregation and sent State troopers to the school to prevent the black students from entering
a mob of white people also gathered outside awaiting the arrival of the black students
the first black student to attempt to enter the building was Elizabeth Eckford/she was faced with verbal abuse from white protestors outside the school
President Eisenhower ordered Governor Faubus to remove the State troopers
President Eisenhower sent in federal troops to protect the black students and ensure their safe entry to the school
the federal troops stayed for a year and even patrolled the corridors of Central High School
despite the presence of the troops the black students faced verbal and physical abuse from white students at Central High School
Explain5 marks2017Q63β³ Older formatFree at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Explain the reasons why race riots broke out in the ghettos of Northern cities in the 1960s.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must show a causal relationship between events.
1 mark should be given for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be given for reasons that are developed.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing five straightforward reasons, three developed reasons, or a combination of these.
Possible reasons
predominantly white police forces led to resentment/riots were sparked by police actions which were perceived by many black Americans to be unfair
discontent resulting from high levels of poverty/unemployment in ghettos/those that did have work were frustrated that they earned so little
housing in the ghetto was overcrowded and of poor quality which further fuelled resentment amongst black Americans
black Americans were angry at the lack of health services in the ghetto
frustration at the lack of investment in ghetto schools/ low educational standards which meant that black Americans saw no way out of the ghetto
high crime rates in the ghetto led to even greater feelings of despair
citizens of the ghettos were angry at a government which they believed to have ignored their needs for far too long
radical groups (eg the Black Panthers) encouraged direct action
Describe5 marks2016Q60β³ Older formatFree at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Describe the ways that the Jim Crow laws segregated black and white Americans.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Describe Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)
One words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A second words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A third words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A fourth words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
Example: One use of new technology on the Western Front during the First World War was mustard gas, which was used to blind soldiers and make it more difficult for them to fight.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark for each point that is developed.
Full marks by four straightforward points, two developed points, or a combination.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be given for each accurate relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark should be given for each point that is developed, up to a maximum of 5 marks.
Possible points of knowledge
separate restaurants
separate schools
separate toilets, drinking fountains and restrooms
separate carriages on busses/trains
separate entrances and wards in hospitals
separate graveyards
separate leisure and sporting facilities
in some states marriage between whites and blacks was forbidden
Explain5 marks2016Q61β³ Older formatFree at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Explain the reasons why many Americans were against immigration by the 1920s.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must show a causal relationship between events.
1 mark should be given for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be given for reasons that are developed.
Possible reasons
unemployment increased after the war/immigrants were accused of taking jobs from Americans
concern that immigrant workers were forcing wages down by working for less
concern that immigrants would be used by employers to break strikes
WASPs feared βinferiorβ immigrants from south and east Europe would threaten their way of life/new immigrants had different religions
concern that immigrants would create pressure on scarce housing
feeling that new immigrants who were uneducated and illiterate had little to contribute to American life/spoke different languages
immigrants were often blamed for crime, disease, alcoholism and other social problems in cities
new immigrants often settled amongst people from their own countries leading to a perception that they were unwilling to mix with other Americans
fear of political unrest from communist and socialist immigrants
How fully5 marks2016Q62β³ Older formatFree at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
How fully does Source A describe the actions of the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Source A is about the actions of the Ku Klux Klan.
The original Ku Klux Klan was a white supremacist organisation founded in 1866. Wearing white robes and pointed hats, the Klan of the 1920s looked similar to the original. During elections, the Klan would wait outside the voting place to beat up blacks if they came near. Women considered immoral were also targeted by the Klan. A divorced woman in Texas was tarred and feathered for remarrying. A massive march in Washington DC in 1925 was a demonstration of the Klanβs power.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make an overall judgement about how fully the source explains the events.
1 mark may be given for each valid point interpreted from the source or each valid point of significant omission provided.
A maximum of 2 marks may be given for answers in which no judgement has been made or which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
wearing white robes and pointed hats
during elections, the Klan would wait outside the voting place to beat up blacks if they came near
a divorced woman in Texas was tarred and feathered for remarrying
a massive march in Washington DC in 1925
Points of significant omission
the Klan held elaborate ceremonies and used a coded language
the Klan were intimidating (eg burned large crosses on hillsides and near the homes of people they wished to frighten)
the Klan brutally assaulted many blacks/night raids on black households
the Klan lynched many blacks
the Klan bombed and burned churches, schools and other meeting places used by black people
use of propaganda/advertised to gain larger membership
influenced all aspects of local authority (eg courts, police departments)
Evaluate the usefulness5 marks2016Q63β³ Older formatFree at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Evaluate the usefulness of Source B as evidence of the reasons why Malcolm X was popular amongst many black Americans.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(You may want to comment on what type of source it is, who wrote it, when they wrote it, why they wrote it, what they say and what has been missed out.)
Tip: Highlight up to 2 content points you would quote (content is worth up to 2 marks) β then consider author, purpose, timing and omission.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source B β is from a newspaper interview with a black American taxi driver from New York in 1961.
I like Malcolm the best. I can believe in a leader who comes from the street, Malcolm is one of us. Malcolm isnβt afraid to stand up to the FBI and the cops. Those black Muslims make more sense than the NAACP and all of the rest of them put together, you donβt see Malcolm tip-toeing around the whites like heβs scared of them.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Evaluate the usefulness Β· Appears in 2 sections
Remember COAT
πContent β what the source says
π«Omission β what the source leaves out
βοΈAuthor β who wrote it
πTiming β when it was written
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Source X says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X also says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X omits _____. This makes the source less useful. Source X also omits _____. This makes the source less useful.β 1 mark (omission)
Source X was written by _____. This makes the source useful because they have personal / professional experience of, or are an expert in, words from the question.β 1 mark (author)
Source X was written in _____. This is useful as it was during the time of / has the benefit of hindsight about words from the question.β 1 mark (timing)
How it's marked
Maximum 4 marks for comments on author, type of source, purpose and timing.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on the content of the source.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on points of significant omission.
π‘You can also comment on the Purpose and Type of source.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a judgement about the usefulness of the source and support this by making evaluative comments on identified aspects of the source.
1 mark should be given for each relevant comment made, up to a maximum of 5 marks in total.
A maximum of 4 marks can be given for evaluative comments relating to the author, type of source, purpose and timing.
A maximum of 2 marks may be given for comments relating to the content, and 2 marks for points of significant omission.
Author/type/purpose/timing
Author: A black American taxi driver β Useful as he eyewitness/first-hand experience of Malcolm X/a member of the black American community
Type of Source: Newspaper interview β Useful as it contains an honest opinion/may be less useful as possibility of bias
Purpose: To inform β Useful as the interview provides several reasons for supporting Malcolm X
Timing: 1961 β Useful as it is from the time when Malcolm X was a leading figure
Points from the source
I can believe in a leader who comes from the street, Malcolm is one of us β Useful as it is accurate/many black Americans did relate to a leader who had grown up in a predominantly black neighbourhood
Malcolm isnβt afraid to stand up to the FBI and the cops β Useful as it is accurate/police harassment and brutality was a common complaint amongst black Americans
Those black Muslims make more sense than the NAACP and all of the rest of them put together, you donβt see Malcolm tip-toeing around the whites like heβs scared of them β Useful as it is accurate/many did support Malcolm Xβs belief that blacks had the right to defend themselves with the use of violence
Points of significant omission
Malcolm X was a charismatic figure and speaker who gained support from his public speeches and his appearances on television
many agreed with Malcolm X that white Americans were inherently racist and blacks could only gain true equality if they separated from white society
Malcolm X encouraged blacks to be proud of the colour of their skin and their African American culture -this appealed to many
To what extent8 marks2015Q59β³ Older formatFree at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
To what extent was the fear of white violence the main reason for the migration of black Americans to the North?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.amber = the isolated factor to weigh up.
(You must use recalled knowledge to present a balanced assessment of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
To what extent / How important / How successful Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)a factor
There are several reasons why words from the question. These include the isolated factor, FACTOR 2, and FACTOR 3.β 1 mark (introduction)
Some historians think the isolated factor was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact (up to 5)
However, other historians think FACTOR 2 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 mark (balance) + 1 KU per fact
Other historians think FACTOR 3 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact
Overall, the isolated factor / FACTOR 2 / FACTOR 3 was the most important words from the question. This is because [reason why β does not need to be new].β 2 marks (conclusion)
How it's marked
5 marks for knowledge β 1 KU mark for each accurate, developed fact you give to support your factors (not too brief). If only one factor is presented, max 3 for knowledge.
Structure marks: 1 for an introduction, 1 for balance (more than one factor), 2 for a conclusion (1 for a valid judgement, 1 for a reason supporting it).
π‘It is asking: one factor is a reason β but there are others, so decide which was MOST important.
π‘Each fact you add (including every "Alsoβ¦") earns a KU mark, as long as it is developed and not too brief β up to 5.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 8 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to 5 marks are allocated for relevant points of knowledge used to address the question. 1 mark should be given for each relevant, factual key point of knowledge used to support a factor.
If only one factor is presented, a maximum of 3 marks should be given for relevant points of knowledge.
1 mark for the answer being presented in a structured way; 1 mark given for a conclusion with a valid judgement or overall summary; 1 mark given for a reason being provided in support of the judgement.
Fear of white violence
lynching of black Americans was commonplace in the South
black Americans were beaten/crippled to punish them and to intimidate others
the Ku Klux Klan bombed churches, schools and other meeting places/burned crosses to intimidate black Americans
masked Klansmen marched through the streets of towns and cities carrying posters threatening black Americans with punishment and warning others to leave town
black American businesses were destroyed to ensure black Americans would not prosper
Segregation
Southern states enforced segregation of the races through Jim Crow laws
the Jim Crow laws affected all areas of life β education, entertainment, housing, travel, health, leisure, marriage, work
typically, facilities for blacks were far inferior to those for whites
Political Disenfranchisement
Southern states had restricted voting rights for blacks through literacy tests, poll taxes and Grandfather Clauses
Sharecropping
many blacks were poor sharecroppers heavily in debt to white landowners for farming equipment and seeds for planting
the boll weevil damaged crops throughout the South between 1910 and 1920 - as a result, there was less demand for agricultural workers, leaving many blacks unemployed
Employment Opportunities
in the South blacks suffered from discrimination in jobs and were only employed in low paid unskilled work.
during the First World War workers were in great demand in Northern factories and steel works.
agents from various industrial sectors arrived in the South, enticing black men and women to migrate North by paying their travel expenses.
wages in the Northern factories were typically double those received by most black workers in the South.
Other pull factors
publications (such as the Chicago Defender) published train schedules and lists of jobs to persuade Southern blacks to migrate North.
other publications (such as the Pittsburgh Courier and the Amsterdam News) published editorials and cartoons showing the promise of moving from the South to the North.
these promises included better education for children, the right to vote, access to various types of employment and improved housing conditions
Explain6 marks2015Q60β³ Older formatFree at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Explain the reasons why the Montgomery Bus Boycott was an important step forward in the campaign for civil rights.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must show a causal relationship between events.
Up to a maximum of 6 marks in total, 1 mark should be given for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be given for reasons that are developed.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing six straightforward reasons, three developed reasons, or a combination of these.
Possible reasons
it proved that blacks had economic power and could use it to end segregation/the bus company had no choice but to desegregate the buses as they were losing so much money
it gave other blacks the confidence and determination to campaign for civil rights/proved that non-violent protest could work (other bus boycotts followed in over 20 of the Southern states)
non-violence became a useful and popular tactic in the civil rights campaign
it generated a lot of publicity and support/funding for the Civil Rights Movement, particularly in the North
it led to a district court ruling that segregation on the buses in Montgomery was unconstitutional /this was later supported by the Supreme Court
it brought Martin Luther King to the forefront of the Civil Rights Movement
it led to the setting up of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) β which was to become involved in many of the most famous protests of the 1960s
any other valid reason that meets the criteria described in the general marking instructions for this kind of question (see column to left).
Evaluate the usefulness6 marks2015Q61β³ Older formatFree at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Evaluate the usefulness of Source A as evidence of the beliefs of Malcolm X.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(You may want to comment on who wrote it, when they wrote it, why they wrote it, what they say or what has been missed out.)
Tip: Highlight up to 2 content points you would quote (content is worth up to 2 marks) β then consider author, purpose, timing and omission.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A β Source A is from a speech made by Malcolm X in December 1962.
The teaching of the Honourable Elijah Muhammad is making our people, for the first time, proud to be black, and that is most important. I just wanted to point out that whites are a race of devils. It's left up to you and me to decide if we want to integrate with this wicked race or separate to be on our own. If we separate then we have a chance for salvation.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Evaluate the usefulness Β· Appears in 2 sections
Remember COAT
πContent β what the source says
π«Omission β what the source leaves out
βοΈAuthor β who wrote it
πTiming β when it was written
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Source X says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X also says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X omits _____. This makes the source less useful. Source X also omits _____. This makes the source less useful.β 1 mark (omission)
Source X was written by _____. This makes the source useful because they have personal / professional experience of, or are an expert in, words from the question.β 1 mark (author)
Source X was written in _____. This is useful as it was during the time of / has the benefit of hindsight about words from the question.β 1 mark (timing)
How it's marked
Maximum 4 marks for comments on author, type of source, purpose and timing.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on the content of the source.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on points of significant omission.
π‘You can also comment on the Purpose and Type of source.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a judgement about the usefulness of the source and support this by making evaluative comments on identified aspects of the source.
1 mark should be given for each relevant comment made, up to a maximum of 6 marks in total.
A maximum of 4 marks for author, type of source, purpose and timing; a maximum of 2 marks for content; a maximum of 2 marks for points of significant omission.
Author, type of source, purpose and timing
Author: Malcolm X β More useful as it will give an insight to the beliefs of Malcom X at first hand
Type of Source: Speech β May be less useful as it may not include all of his beliefs/could be tailored to a particular audience
Purpose: To persuade β More useful as it will explain the beliefs of Malcolm X/gives several reasons to support the Nation of Islam
Timing: December 1962 β More useful as by this time Malcolm X had emerged as a leading public figure in the Black Power movement/less useful as does not reflect his later beliefs
Points from the source
The teaching of the Honourable Elijah Muhammad is making our people, for the first time, proud to be black, and that is most important β More useful as it accurately reflects Malcom X's support for the Nation of Islam/belief in the need for black Americans to celebrate their black heritage and culture
I just wanted to point out that whites are a race of devils β More useful as it accurately reflects Malcom X's belief that whites were evil
If we separate then we have a chance for salvation β More useful as it accurately reflects Malcom X's belief in the need for black Americans to separate themselves from white Americans
Points of significant omission
Malcolm X also disagreed with the methods of Martin Luther King - he criticised his non-violent tactics and argued that for black Americans "non-violence is another word for defenceless."
Malcolm X later renounced his support for Elijah Muhammad and the Nation of Islam
Malcolm X later adopted a more moderate view of white Americans
any other valid point that meets the criteria described in the general marking instructions for this kind of question (see column to left).
Compare the views4 marks2014Q1β³ Older formatFree at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Compare the views of Sources A and B about the living and working conditions of immigrants in American cities.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
Tip: Highlight 2β3 points of comparison β either where the sources agree OR where they disagree. You do not need both; pick one set and compare them point by point.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Sources A and B are about immigrants in American cities in the 1920s.
The early twentieth century saw a massive growth in immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe. Immigrants from the same country usually lived in the same areas of the city. These areas contained tenement slums which were damp, dark and filthy with no water supply, toilets or drains. Immigrants had to take any work they could get, usually low paid jobs such as labourers or servants.
Source B
Sources A and B are about immigrants in American cities in the 1920s.
Finding a well-paid, skilled job was a common problem for poorly educated immigrants. Immigrants tended to live in their own communities: in New York there was a Polish district, a Jewish district and an Italian district. Tenement buildings in these areas were often five or six storeys high with rooms which lacked light or sanitation. Many of the new immigrants found that life in America was not what they expected.
Overall, do the sources agree or disagree? (worth a mark for an overall comparison)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Compare the views Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Overall, Sources X and Y [agree/disagree] about words from the question.β 1 mark (overall)
The sources agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
The sources also agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
How it's marked
1 mark for a simple comparison (what the sources agree/disagree about).
2 marks for a developed comparison, supported by specific references to each source.
Full marks by four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons, or a combination.
π‘One set of points will agree, one will disagree.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make direct comparisons of the two sources, either overall or in detail
A simple comparison will indicate what points of detail or overall viewpoint they agree or disagree about and should be given 1 mark
A developed comparison of the points of detail or overall viewpoint should be given 2 marks
Candidates may achieve full marks by making four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons or by a combination of these
Overall: The sources agree about the poor living and working conditions of immigrants
Points of comparison
agree
Source A: Immigrants from the same country usually lived in the same areas of the city
Source B: Immigrants tended to live in their own communities: in New York there was a Polish district, a Jewish district and an Italian district
agree
Source A: These areas contained tenement slums which were damp, dark and filthy with no water supply, toilets or drains
Source B: Tenements buildings in these areas were often five or six storeys high with rooms which lacked light or sanitation
agree
Source A: Immigrants had to take any work they could get, usually low paid jobs such as labourers or servants
Source B: Finding a well-paid, skilled job was a common problem for poorly educated immigrants
Describe5 marks2014Q2β³ Older formatFree at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Describe the non-violent protests of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Describe Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)
One words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A second words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A third words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A fourth words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
Example: One use of new technology on the Western Front during the First World War was mustard gas, which was used to blind soldiers and make it more difficult for them to fight.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark for each point that is developed.
Full marks by four straightforward points, two developed points, or a combination.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be given for each accurate relevant key point of knowledge
A second mark should be given for each point that is developed, up to a maximum of 5 marks
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing five straightforward points, by making three developed points, or a combination of these
Possible points of knowledge
Legal action leading to the decision of the Supreme Court in 1954 to declare segregation in schools unconstitutional
Bus boycott in Montgomery
Little Rock, Arkansas β attempt by black students to enter Central High School
Sit-downs/Sit-ins eg deliberately holding up traffic/the occupation of lunch counters and other segregated places
Freedom rides - travel on buses through southern states using segregated facilities at bus stations
Project C β sit-ins and marches in Birmingham, Alabama led by Martin Luther King
March on Washington
Any other relevant factual key point of knowledge that meets the criteria described in the general marking instructions for this kind of question
How fully6 marks2014Q3β³ Older formatFree at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
How fully does Source C describe the actions taken by federal authorities to improve civil rights for black Americans between 1945 and 1964?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use Source C and recall.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source C
Source C is about the actions taken by federal authorities to help black Americans.
Federal authorities did take action. President Truman issued orders to desegregate the US military in 1948. He also set up a President's Committee on civil rights in 1946 to report to him on how progress towards black civil rights could be made. However no legislation followed. In 1960 Congress passed a Civil Rights Act which established penalties for obstructing black voting. The assassination of President Kennedy in November 1963 came at the time he was preparing a Civil Rights Bill.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make an overall judgement about how fully the source explains the events
1 mark may be given for each valid point interpreted from the source or each valid point of significant omission provided; up to 3 marks for interpretation of the parts of the source relevant to the question
A maximum of 2 marks may be given for answers which refer only to the source
Points from the source
President Truman issued orders to desegregate the US military
He also set up a President's Committee on civil rights in 1946 to report to him on how progress towards black civil rights could be made
In 1960 Congress passed a Civil Rights Act which established penalties for obstructing black voting.
The assassination of President Kennedy in November 1963 came at the time he was preparing a Civil Rights Bill
Points of significant omission
Supreme Court decision declared that schools could no longer be segregated
In 1957 President Eisenhower sent in federal troops to Little Rock in Arkansas to ensure that nine black children could safely enter a recently desegregated high school
Federal Marshalls were sent to escort James Meredith through the gates of Mississippi University
Civil Rights Act passed in 1964
Any other valid point of explanation that meets the criteria described in the general marking instructions for this kind of question
Explain5 marks2014Q4β³ Older formatFree at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918β1968
Explain the reasons why the Black Panthers gained the support of many black Americans.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must show a causal relationship between events
1 mark should be given for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be given for reasons that are developed
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing five straightforward reasons, three developed reasons, or a combination of these
Possible reasons
Black Panthers gained support for their demand for the release of black prisoners
Black Panthers gained support due to their efforts to give practical help to poor blacks eg breakfast clubs in schools
Black Panthers had charismatic leaders who gained attention and popularity
The Black Panthers encouraged blacks to be proud of the colour of their skin and their African American culture. This appealed to many
Black Panthers condoned violence and this appealed to many blacks who were frustrated by the non-violent methods of the Civil Rights Movement
Black Panthers attracted further support after gaining the much publicised support of athletes at the Olympic Games in 1968
Any other valid reason that meets the criteria described in the general marking instructions for this kind of question
