Mary Queen of Scots, and the Reformation, 1542β1587
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Explain6 marks2026Q6Mary Queen of Scots, and the Reformation, 1542β1587
Explain the reasons why attempts to reform the Catholic Church failed.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
Compare the views4 marks2026Q7Mary Queen of Scots, and the Reformation, 1542β1587
Compare the views of Sources A and B about Mary's claim to the English throne.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Compare the sources overall and/or in detail.)
Tip: Highlight 2β3 points of comparison β either where the sources agree OR where they disagree. You do not need both; pick one set and compare them point by point.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Sources A and B are about Mary's claim to the English throne.
Mary Queen of Scots was Elizabeth I's main competitor for the English throne. The Scottish queen claimed a right to rule England because she was the great granddaughter of Henry VII. Following the deaths of Edward VI and Mary I, Elizabeth was the last of Henry VIII's children, despite his numerous marriages. Some Catholics believed Mary had a better right to the throne than Elizabeth.
Source B
When Elizabeth I took the throne in 1558, Mary Queen of Scots, was a serious rival for the Crown. Many Catholics rejected Elizabeth's claim to the throne in favour of Mary. Elizabeth was viewed as illegitimate due to the disputed marriage between Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. Mary was a direct descendent of Henry VII, giving her a convincing claim to the English Crown. This dispute over their rights to the throne fuelled ongoing tensions.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Compare the views Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Overall, Sources X and Y [agree/disagree] about words from the question.β 1 mark (overall)
The sources agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
The sources also agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
How it's marked
1 mark for a simple comparison (what the sources agree/disagree about).
2 marks for a developed comparison, supported by specific references to each source.
Full marks by four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons, or a combination.
π‘One set of points will agree, one will disagree.
How fully6 marks2026Q8Mary Queen of Scots, and the Reformation, 1542β1587
How fully does Source C describe the growth of Protestantism in Scotland?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source C
Source C describes the growth of Protestantism in Scotland.
Scotland, like many countries, faced significant religious change during the mid-1500s. Reformers like John Knox attracted many supporters across the country who liked his Bible-based worship. More people in Scotland were following the teachings of European Protestant leaders, such as Martin Luther and John Calvin. At this time, the monarch, was a Roman Catholic. However, a growing number of Scottish nobles supported Protestantism, hoping to increase their own power. By 1560, Protestantism had become the dominant religion in Scotland, replacing Catholicism.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
To what extent9 marks2026Q9Mary Queen of Scots, and the Reformation, 1542β1587
To what extent was marriage the main problem facing Mary in ruling Scotland before 1567?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.amber = the isolated factor to weigh up.
(Use recalled knowledge to introduce then present a balanced assessment of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
To what extent / How important / How successful Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)a factor
There are several reasons why words from the question. These include the isolated factor, FACTOR 2, and FACTOR 3.β 1 mark (introduction)
Some historians think the isolated factor was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact (up to 5)
However, other historians think FACTOR 2 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 mark (balance) + 1 KU per fact
Other historians think FACTOR 3 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact
Overall, the isolated factor / FACTOR 2 / FACTOR 3 was the most important words from the question. This is because [reason why β does not need to be new].β 2 marks (conclusion)
How it's marked
5 marks for knowledge β 1 KU mark for each accurate, developed fact you give to support your factors (not too brief). If only one factor is presented, max 3 for knowledge.
Structure marks: 1 for an introduction, 1 for balance (more than one factor), 2 for a conclusion (1 for a valid judgement, 1 for a reason supporting it).
π‘It is asking: one factor is a reason β but there are others, so decide which was MOST important.
π‘Each fact you add (including every "Alsoβ¦") earns a KU mark, as long as it is developed and not too brief β up to 5.
Describe4 marks2026Q10Mary Queen of Scots, and the Reformation, 1542β1587
Describe what happened during Mary's trial and execution.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Describe Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)
One words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A second words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A third words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A fourth words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
Example: One use of new technology on the Western Front during the First World War was mustard gas, which was used to blind soldiers and make it more difficult for them to fight.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark for each point that is developed.
Full marks by four straightforward points, two developed points, or a combination.
Evaluate the usefulness5 marks2025Q6Mary Queen of Scots, and the Reformation, 1542β1587
Evaluate the usefulness of Source A as evidence of Mary's move to France.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(You may want to comment on what type of source it is, who wrote it, when they wrote it, why they wrote it, what they say and what has been missed out.)
Tip: Highlight up to 2 content points you would quote (content is worth up to 2 marks) β then consider author, purpose, timing and omission.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Source A is from a textbook written by a modern historian in 2015.
Mary's move to France began with the Earl of Arran persuading the Scottish Parliament to favour a French marriage for the Queen. As a result, the Scots and French signed the Treaty of Haddington, which arranged for Mary's travel to France to marry the Dauphin, Francis. The Earl of Arran was rewarded for this Treaty with French land and became the Duke of Chatelherault. The French fleet sailed to Scotland to collect Mary and her four attendants before departing for France.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Evaluate the usefulness Β· Appears in 2 sections
Remember COAT
πContent β what the source says
π«Omission β what the source leaves out
βοΈAuthor β who wrote it
πTiming β when it was written
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Source X says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X also says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X omits _____. This makes the source less useful. Source X also omits _____. This makes the source less useful.β 1 mark (omission)
Source X was written by _____. This makes the source useful because they have personal / professional experience of, or are an expert in, words from the question.β 1 mark (author)
Source X was written in _____. This is useful as it was during the time of / has the benefit of hindsight about words from the question.β 1 mark (timing)
How it's marked
Maximum 4 marks for comments on author, type of source, purpose and timing.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on the content of the source.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on points of significant omission.
π‘You can also comment on the Purpose and Type of source.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must evaluate the extent to which a source is useful by commenting on evidence such as the author, type of source, purpose, timing, content or omission. For a mark to be awarded, the candidate must identify an aspect of the source and make a comment which shows why this aspect makes the source more or less useful.
A maximum of 4 marks can be awarded for evaluative comments relating to the author, type of source, purpose and timing.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for evaluative comments relating to the content of the source.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for evaluative comments relating to points of significant omission.
Author/Type/Purpose/Timing
Author: modern historian β Useful as they are well informed on the topic of Mary's move to France.
Type of Source: textbook β Useful as it is fact-checked and reliable about Mary's move to France.
Purpose: to inform β Useful as it will have detailed information about Mary's move to France.
Timing: 2015 β Useful as it is written with the benefit of hindsight.
Content
Mary's move to France began with the Earl of Arran persuading the Scottish Parliament to favour a French marriage for the Queen. β Useful as it is accurate (The Scottish Parliament agreed to the marriage to the French heir).
As a result, the Scots and French signed the Treaty of Haddington, which arranged for Mary's travel to France to marry the Dauphin, Francis. β Useful as it is accurate (The Treaty of Haddington was signed, which arranged for Mary to marry Francis).
The French fleet sailed to Scotland to collect Mary and her four attendants before departing for France. β Useful as it is accurate (Mary left Scotland with four attendants).
Points of significant omission
Mary was five years old when she moved to France
Mary's attendants were known as 'The Four Marys'
Mary left for France from Dumbarton castle
Mary of Guise remained in Scotland and became regent
Describe4 marks2025Q7Mary Queen of Scots, and the Reformation, 1542β1587
Describe Scottish society and the Church in the 1540s.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Describe Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)
One words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A second words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A third words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A fourth words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
Example: One use of new technology on the Western Front during the First World War was mustard gas, which was used to blind soldiers and make it more difficult for them to fight.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark for each point that is developed.
Full marks by four straightforward points, two developed points, or a combination.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a number of relevant, factual points. These do not have to be in any particular order.
1 mark should be awarded for each accurate relevant key point of knowledge. A second mark should be awarded for each point that is developed, up to a maximum of 4 marks.
Possible points of knowledge
religion was an important part of daily life in Scottish society
the Catholic Church owned land which it rented out to ordinary people
the church was very wealthy compared to the poverty of most ordinary people
the nobles were rich, land-owning families
burghs were areas of the country which could hold a market
Royal Burghs were able to trade with foreign countries
craftsmen and women sold their goods at the market
the Mercat cross was in the centre of the town, where the market took place
Compare the views4 marks2025Q8Mary Queen of Scots, and the Reformation, 1542β1587
Compare the views of Sources B and C about rebellion against Mary of Guise.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Compare the sources overall and/or in detail.)
Tip: Highlight 2β3 points of comparison β either where the sources agree OR where they disagree. You do not need both; pick one set and compare them point by point.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source B
Sources B and C are about rebellion against Mary of Guise.
Overall, it was clear that Mary of Guise's mishandling of the situation in 1559 was the main cause of rebellion against her. In December 1557, the rebellious Lords of the Congregation sent Mary of Guise a set of ambitious requests, but a settlement seemed possible. However, Knox had returned to Scotland and more or less by accident, a religious rebellion had broken out. Religious buildings were attacked, and statues destroyed.
Source C
Mary of Guise, on the advice of the French, began to prosecute reformers. Any hopes that the requests of the Lords of the Congregation would be agreed were destroyed as a settlement became impossible. The resulting religious rebellion was no accident, as people who supported reform began to gather weapons. However, it was not the events of 1559 but later developments with France that were the main reason why people turned against Mary of Guise.
Overall, do the sources agree or disagree? (worth a mark for an overall comparison)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Compare the views Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Overall, Sources X and Y [agree/disagree] about words from the question.β 1 mark (overall)
The sources agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
The sources also agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
How it's marked
1 mark for a simple comparison (what the sources agree/disagree about).
2 marks for a developed comparison, supported by specific references to each source.
Full marks by four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons, or a combination.
π‘One set of points will agree, one will disagree.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must interpret the evidence and make direct comparisons between sources. Candidates are expected to compare content directly on a point-by-point basis. They may compare the details in the sources and/or compare the viewpoints overall.
A simple comparison will indicate what points of detail or viewpoint the sources agree or disagree on and should be awarded 1 mark. A developed comparison of the points of detail or overall viewpoint should be awarded a second mark.
Overall: Overall β the sources disagree about rebellion against Mary of Guise.
Points of comparison
disagree
Source B: Overall, it was clear that Mary of Guise's mishandling of the situation in 1559 was the main cause of rebellion against her.
Source C: However, it was not the events of 1559 but later developments with France that were the main reason why people turned against Mary of Guise.
disagree
Source B: In December 1557, the rebellious Lords of the Congregation sent Mary of Guise a set of ambitious requests, but a settlement seemed possible.
Source C: Any hopes that the requests of the Lords of the Congregation would be agreed were destroyed as a settlement became impossible.
disagree
Source B: However, Knox had returned to Scotland and more or less by accident, a religious rebellion had broken out.
Source C: The resulting religious rebellion was no accident, as people who supported reform began to gather weapons.
How fully6 marks2025Q9Mary Queen of Scots, and the Reformation, 1542β1587
How fully does Source D explain the reasons why Mary's marriage to Darnley caused problems for her?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source D
Source D explains the reasons why Mary's marriage to Darnley caused problems for her.
Henry, Lord Darnley, was chosen to be Mary's husband and they were married at Holyrood Palace in July 1565. Her marriage caused a split with her half-brother Moray, who was important in keeping the nobles in check. Other nobles also disliked Darnley and his family with the marriage causing division amongst the Lords. Mary found her marriage to be an unhappy one as Darnley was regularly drunk and rude. Darnley's unsuccessful demands to become joint ruler with Mary made him resentful of his wife.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a judgement about the extent to which the source provides a full explanation of a given event or development.
1 mark should be awarded for each valid point selected from the source or each valid point of significant omission provided.
Up to 3 marks for their interpretation of points from the source which support their judgement.
Up to 4 marks for their identification of points of significant omission, based on their own knowledge, that support their judgement.
Points from the source
Her marriage caused a split with her half-brother Moray, who was important in keeping the nobles in check. β Moray fell out with Mary over her marriage to Darnley.
Other nobles also disliked Darnley and his family with the marriage causing division amongst the Lords. β Many nobles did not approve of the marriage which divided nobles.
Mary found her marriage to be an unhappy one as Darnley was regularly drunk and rude. β Darnley's drunken behaviour made Mary's marriage unhappy.
Darnley's unsuccessful demands to become joint ruler with Mary made him resentful of his wife. β Darnley's unsuccessful demands for the crown created tension with Mary.
Points of significant omission
Elizabeth I protested strongly against the marriage, damaging Mary's claim to the English throne
Moray, with Argyll and Chatelherault, mobilised against Mary, causing the threat of a rebellion against her
Scottish nobles convinced Darnley that Mary's secretary, Riccio, was too close to her, which enraged Darnley
a plot was hatched by Darnley's aides to kill Riccio, causing Mary to fear for her life
Mary never forgave Darnley for his role in the Riccio plot, and their relationship deteriorated further
Explain6 marks2025Q10Mary Queen of Scots, and the Reformation, 1542β1587
Explain the reasons why Mary was executed in 1587.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a number of points that make the issue plain or clear, for example by showing connections between factors or causal relationships between events or ideas.
1 mark should be awarded for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be awarded for reasons that are developed.
Possible reasons
Mary was encouraging English Catholics to rebel against Elizabeth
Mary still claimed to be the true Queen of England, which was a threat to Elizabeth
Elizabeth no longer wanted to support Mary in her bid to regain the Scottish crown
Mary was implicated in plots to overthrow Elizabeth
the English Parliament had voted that Mary must face execution should there be any further plots against Elizabeth
the discovery of the Babington Plot provided clear evidence of Mary's intention to undermine Elizabeth
Walsingham gathered compelling evidence of Mary's guilt
Elizabeth knew that unless rebellions were crushed, she would face further resistance
Mary's trial was not fair, meaning that execution as a sentence was more likely
How fully6 marks2024Q5Mary Queen of Scots, and the Reformation, 1542β1587
How fully does Source A describe the failure of attempts to reform the Catholic Church?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Source A describes the failure of attempts to reform the Catholic Church.
By the 1540s, the Catholic Church in Scotland was aware of many of its problems. The Archbishop of St Andrews passed reforms which increased the authority of Bishops but did not do enough to solve many of the problems at a local level. Despite being reprimanded, many priests continued to use money to support their wives and children. The leaders of the Catholic Church were also reluctant to enforce the reforms. These attempts ultimately failed as an increasing number of nobility were choosing Protestantism.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a judgement about the extent to which the source provides a full description of a given event or development.
Up to a maximum of 6 marks in total, 1 mark should be awarded for each valid point selected from the source or each valid point of significant omission provided.
Candidates should be awarded up to 3 marks for their interpretation of points from the source which support their judgement.
Candidates should be awarded up to 4 marks for their identification of points of significant omission, based on their own knowledge, that support their judgement.
Points from the source
The Archbishop of St Andrews passed reforms which increased the authority of Bishops but did not do enough to solve many of the problems at a local level.
Despite being reprimanded, many priests continued to use money to support their wives and children.
The leaders of the Catholic Church were also reluctant to enforce the reforms.
These attempts ultimately failed as an increasing number of nobility were choosing Protestantism.
Points of significant omission
pamphlets attempted to make religious faith easier to understand for ordinary people, but many people could not read
Church leaders had become accustomed to comfortable lifestyles and did not want to travel the country enforcing reforms
poorly educated priests struggled to preach the Catholic faith
many priests continued to use Church money to fund their own interests and luxurious lifestyles
the archbishops of St Andrews and Glasgow did not have a good relationship which meant a lack of cooperation when attempting to reform the Church
Mary of Guise needed the support of Protestant nobles and so offered little support for Church reform
Evaluate the usefulness5 marks2024Q6Mary Queen of Scots, and the Reformation, 1542β1587
Evaluate the usefulness of Source B as evidence of the growth of Protestantism in Scotland.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(You may want to comment on what type of source it is, who wrote it, when they wrote it, why they wrote it, what they say and what has been missed out.)
Tip: Highlight up to 2 content points you would quote (content is worth up to 2 marks) β then consider author, purpose, timing and omission.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source B β from a leaflet written by John Knox in 1559
Source B is from a leaflet written by John Knox in 1559.
This is how George Wishart was executed. The Bishops and their accomplices condemned this popular preacher to death, which increased sympathy for the Protestant faith. The Lords of the Congregation then united to promote the new faith and demand changes to the Church. I, John Knox arrived from France on 2 May 1559 and then went to Dundee, where I preached the reformed faith amongst them.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Evaluate the usefulness Β· Appears in 2 sections
Remember COAT
πContent β what the source says
π«Omission β what the source leaves out
βοΈAuthor β who wrote it
πTiming β when it was written
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Source X says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X also says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X omits _____. This makes the source less useful. Source X also omits _____. This makes the source less useful.β 1 mark (omission)
Source X was written by _____. This makes the source useful because they have personal / professional experience of, or are an expert in, words from the question.β 1 mark (author)
Source X was written in _____. This is useful as it was during the time of / has the benefit of hindsight about words from the question.β 1 mark (timing)
How it's marked
Maximum 4 marks for comments on author, type of source, purpose and timing.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on the content of the source.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on points of significant omission.
π‘You can also comment on the Purpose and Type of source.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must evaluate the extent to which a source is useful by commenting on evidence such as the author, type of source, purpose, timing, content or omission. For a mark to be awarded, the candidate must identify an aspect of the source and make a comment which shows why this aspect makes the source more or less useful.
A maximum of 4 marks can be awarded for evaluative comments relating to the author, type of source, purpose and timing.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for evaluative comments relating to the content of the source.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for evaluative comments relating to points of significant omission.
Aspects of the source
Author: John Knox β Useful as he was an eyewitness, one of the leaders of the Reformation in Scotland.
Type of Source: leaflet β Useful as the leaflet would have been widely distributed.
Purpose: to persuade β Useful as it is showing how Protestants tried to convince people of their faith.
Timing: 1559 β Useful as written at the beginning of Reformation.
Content
The Bishops and their accomplices condemned this popular preacher to death, which increased sympathy for the Protestant faith. β Useful because it is accurate (Catholic Bishops did burn reformers who were spreading Protestantism such as George Wishart).
The Lords of the Congregation then united to promote the new faith and demand changes to the Church. β Useful because it is accurate (Scottish Lords did unite to promote Protestantism).
I, John Knox arrived from France on 2 May 1559 and then went to Dundee, where I preached the reformed faith amongst them. β Useful because it is accurate (John Knox did arrive in Scotland in 1559 to preach the Protestant faith).
Possible points of significant omission
English language bibles were distributed in Scotland in the 1540s, encouraging the Protestant faith
George Wishart inspired future Protestant leaders such as John Knox
Scottish nobles objected to Mary of Guise's relationship with Catholic France, helping the growth of Protestantism
Protestant congregations began to meet for worship
Explain6 marks2024Q7Mary Queen of Scots, and the Reformation, 1542β1587
Explain the reasons why Mary's marriages caused her problems in ruling Scotland.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a number of points that make the issue plain or clear, for example by showing connections between factors or causal relationships between events or ideas. These should be key reasons but there is no need for any evaluation or prioritising of these reasons.
Up to a maximum of 6 marks in total, 1 mark should be awarded for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be awarded for reasons that are developed.
Possible reasons
Mary's marriage to Darnley caused nobles to rebel because he was an unpopular choice
Mary's marriage to Darnley lost her the support of her half-brother James Stewart in governing Scotland
Darnley's behaviour reflected badly on Mary, for example, drinking and infidelity
Darnley and leading nobles were involved in Riccio's murder undermining Mary's authority
Bothwell was believed to be responsible for Darnley's murder, and led to Mary being accused of being part of the conspiracy
Mary married Bothwell very soon after Darnley's murder, which led to criticism
the wedding was a Protestant ceremony which upset Catholics within the country and overseas
despite being a Protestant, Bothwell was not popular among the nobility or the Protestant Lords, which caused tension
the Protestant Lords raised arms against Mary and Bothwell, which placed Mary in danger, for example, Carberry Hill, Edinburgh, 1567
Mary was taken prisoner and publicly humiliated, which damaged her authority
To what extent9 marks2024Q8Mary Queen of Scots, and the Reformation, 1542β1587
How important was Mary's involvement in Catholic plots as a reason for her trial and execution in 1587?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.amber = the isolated factor to weigh up.
(Use recalled knowledge to introduce then present a balanced assessment of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
To what extent / How important / How successful Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)a factor
There are several reasons why words from the question. These include the isolated factor, FACTOR 2, and FACTOR 3.β 1 mark (introduction)
Some historians think the isolated factor was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact (up to 5)
However, other historians think FACTOR 2 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 mark (balance) + 1 KU per fact
Other historians think FACTOR 3 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact
Overall, the isolated factor / FACTOR 2 / FACTOR 3 was the most important words from the question. This is because [reason why β does not need to be new].β 2 marks (conclusion)
How it's marked
5 marks for knowledge β 1 KU mark for each accurate, developed fact you give to support your factors (not too brief). If only one factor is presented, max 3 for knowledge.
Structure marks: 1 for an introduction, 1 for balance (more than one factor), 2 for a conclusion (1 for a valid judgement, 1 for a reason supporting it).
π‘It is asking: one factor is a reason β but there are others, so decide which was MOST important.
π‘Each fact you add (including every "Alsoβ¦") earns a KU mark, as long as it is developed and not too brief β up to 5.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 9 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a judgement about the extent to which different factors contributed to an event or development, or to its impact. They are required to provide a balanced account of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion based on the evidence presented.
Up to 5 marks can be awarded for relevant, factual, key points of knowledge used to support factors, with 1 mark awarded for each point. If only one factor is presented, a maximum of 3 marks should be awarded for relevant points of knowledge.
A further 4 marks can be awarded for providing the answer in a structured way and coming to a reasoned conclusion (1 mark introduction, 1 mark structured, 1 mark conclusion with a valid judgement, 1 mark for a reason in support of the judgement).
Catholic Plots
The Ridolfi Plot planned to depose Elizabeth and replace her with Mary (1571)
The Throckmorton plot planned the murder of Elizabeth and replacement with Mary (1583)
The Parry Plot where the double agent William Parry planned to kill Elizabeth in a private meeting or by ambushing her (1585)
Babington, an English Catholic nobleman, plotted to restore the Catholic religion by placing Mary on the English throne (1586)
Mary's letters to Babington were intercepted by Elizabeth's spies and demonstrated her guilt
Succession
Catholics supported Mary as the rightful queen, threatening Elizabeth
Mary claimed she had a stronger claim to the English throne than Elizabeth
Elizabeth did not trust Mary and refused to consider her as her heir
Religion
Protestants believed that Mary was a threat due to being a Catholic
Mary's continued existence was a threat to Elizabeth as it was thought she would encourage Catholic opposition to Elizabeth in England
Describe4 marks2023Q6Mary Queen of Scots, and the Reformation, 1542β1587
Describe the role of the Catholic Church in the 1540s.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Describe Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)
One words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A second words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A third words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A fourth words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
Example: One use of new technology on the Western Front during the First World War was mustard gas, which was used to blind soldiers and make it more difficult for them to fight.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark for each point that is developed.
Full marks by four straightforward points, two developed points, or a combination.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark for each accurate relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark for each point that is developed, up to a maximum of 4 marks.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing four straightforward points, by making two developed points (or any combination of these).
Possible points of knowledge
people would receive blessings of the sacraments from the Church
the Church would pardon sins in exchange for land and money
To what extent9 marks2023Q7Mary Queen of Scots, and the Reformation, 1542β1587
To what extent was the work of Andrew Melville the main reason for the development of Presbyterianism by the end of the 1570s?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.amber = the isolated factor to weigh up.
(Use recalled knowledge to introduce then present a balanced assessment of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
To what extent / How important / How successful Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)a factor
There are several reasons why words from the question. These include the isolated factor, FACTOR 2, and FACTOR 3.β 1 mark (introduction)
Some historians think the isolated factor was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact (up to 5)
However, other historians think FACTOR 2 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 mark (balance) + 1 KU per fact
Other historians think FACTOR 3 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact
Overall, the isolated factor / FACTOR 2 / FACTOR 3 was the most important words from the question. This is because [reason why β does not need to be new].β 2 marks (conclusion)
How it's marked
5 marks for knowledge β 1 KU mark for each accurate, developed fact you give to support your factors (not too brief). If only one factor is presented, max 3 for knowledge.
Structure marks: 1 for an introduction, 1 for balance (more than one factor), 2 for a conclusion (1 for a valid judgement, 1 for a reason supporting it).
π‘It is asking: one factor is a reason β but there are others, so decide which was MOST important.
π‘Each fact you add (including every "Alsoβ¦") earns a KU mark, as long as it is developed and not too brief β up to 5.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 9 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to 5 marks for relevant, factual, key points of knowledge used to support factors (1 mark each). If only one factor is presented, a maximum of 3 marks.
1 mark for an introduction which places the question in its historical context or outlines relevant factors.
1 mark for the answer being presented in a structured way.
1 mark for a conclusion with a valid judgement and 1 mark for a reason in support of the judgement.
Andrew Melville
Melville was appointed to influential position of Principal of Glasgow University
Melville was hostile to Royal interference in church affairs
Second Book of Discipline set out blueprint for Protestant faith
Creation of presbyteries meant the Kirk had control over clergymen
Presbyteries meant the Kirk had control over discipline so influenced ordinary people
Regencies of Moray and Morton
Moray passed laws of the Reformation Parliament which legitimised the Protestant faith
Moray took action against Catholic Priests which gained Protestant support
Morton forced ministers and councillors to declare on oath of loyalty to the King and Kirk
Morton appointed Bishops to strengthen the hierarchy of the Protestant faith
Maryβs loss of support
abdication of Mary left the Catholic church without a leader in Scotland
rumours of her involvement in Ridolfi plot weakened her position and the position of Catholicism
loss of Edinburgh castle as last Catholic stronghold in Scotland
Compare the views4 marks2023Q8Mary Queen of Scots, and the Reformation, 1542β1587
Compare the views of Sources A and B about the terms of the Treaty of Edinburgh.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Compare the sources overall and/or in detail.)
Tip: Highlight 2β3 points of comparison β either where the sources agree OR where they disagree. You do not need both; pick one set and compare them point by point.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Sources A and B are about the terms of the Treaty of Edinburgh.
After a month of bargaining, the Treaty of Edinburgh was signed on 6 July 1560. Under the terms of the Treaty, the French forces would leave Scotland. There were also conditions focused on the relationship with the English. Elizabeth I was to be recognised as the rightful Queen of England. For Elizabeth there were other important considerations. Mary and her husband Francois would abandon all claims to the English throne.
Source B
It was clear that Mary did not wish to sign the Treaty of Edinburgh. She strongly believed in her right to the English throne but the Treaty would force her to give up her claim. The Treaty stated that Mary would acknowledge Elizabeth as the true Queen of England. The Treaty would end the divisions in Scotland. Therefore, the removal of the French soldiers from Scotland was written into the terms of the Treaty.
Overall, do the sources agree or disagree? (worth a mark for an overall comparison)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Compare the views Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Overall, Sources X and Y [agree/disagree] about words from the question.β 1 mark (overall)
The sources agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
The sources also agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
How it's marked
1 mark for a simple comparison (what the sources agree/disagree about).
2 marks for a developed comparison, supported by specific references to each source.
Full marks by four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons, or a combination.
π‘One set of points will agree, one will disagree.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
A simple comparison will indicate what points of detail or viewpoint the sources agree or disagree on and should be awarded 1 mark.
A developed comparison of the points of detail or overall viewpoint should be awarded a second mark.
Candidates may achieve full marks by making four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons (or any combination of these).
Overall: Overall β the sources agree about the terms of the Treaty of Edinburgh.
Points of comparison
agree
Source A: Under the terms of the Treaty, the French forces would leave Scotland.
Source B: Therefore, the removal of the French soldiers from Scotland was written into the terms of the Treaty.
agree
Source A: Elizabeth I was to be recognised as the rightful Queen of England.
Source B: The Treaty stated that Mary would acknowledge Elizabeth as the true Queen of England.
agree
Source A: Mary and her husband Francois would abandon all claims to the English throne.
Source B: She strongly believed in her right to the English throne but the Treaty would force her to give up her claim.
Explain6 marks2023Q9Mary Queen of Scots, and the Reformation, 1542β1587
Explain the reasons why it was difficult for Mary to rule Scotland, 1561β1567.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to a maximum of 6 marks in total, 1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark should be awarded for reasons that are developed.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing six straightforward reasons, three developed reasons (or any combination of these).
Possible reasons
many nobles were wary of Mary upon her return from France as they thought she would replace them with Frenchmen
nobles resented taking orders from a female monarch
Mary allowed the development of the Reformation, which upset Catholics
Protestants were upset by Maryβs appointment of James Stewart as her chief adviser as he was only a moderate reformer
Catholics were upset because Mary appointed only four Catholic advisers
Darnleyβs behaviour reflected badly on Mary, for example, drinking and infidelity
Mary was suspected of being involved in Darnleyβs murder which undermined her position
Maryβs marriage to Bothwell was criticised and lost Mary support because he was a suspect in Darnleyβs murder
the Protestant church was suspicious that Mary would want to return Scotland to a Catholic country
John Knox disliked Mary and her attitude to the Protestant church and encouraged opposition to her
Mary was undermined by Elizabethβs encouragement of Scottish nobles to rebel against her
How fully6 marks2023Q10Mary Queen of Scots, and the Reformation, 1542β1587
How fully does Source C describe Maryβs imprisonment in England?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source C
Source C describes Maryβs imprisonment in England.
The news of Maryβs escape from Scotland astonished all who heard about it. She was taken into protective custody at Carlisle Castle in May 1568 where she stayed for a few months. While there she was permitted to go on daily walks in front of the castle. When Mary moved to Bolton Castle her staff totalled 50 servants including a secretary, a doctor and two cooks. Desperate to escape her imprisonment, Mary became involved in the Babington Plot, which made Elizabeth furious.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark for each valid point selected from the source or each valid point of significant omission provided.
Up to 3 marks for interpretation of points from the source which support their judgement.
Up to 4 marks for identification of points of significant omission, based on their own knowledge, that support their judgement.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for answers in which no judgement has been made or which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
She was taken into protective custody at Carlisle Castle in May 1568 where she stayed for a few months. (Mary was moved to Carlisle Castle for a period of time.)
While there she was permitted to go on daily walks in front of the castle. (Mary was allowed out within the castle grounds.)
When Mary moved to Bolton Castle her staff totalled 50 servants including a secretary, a doctor and two cooks. (Mary was allowed a large household.)
Desperate to escape her imprisonment, Mary became involved in the Babington Plot, which made Elizabeth furious. (Mary plotted to get free.)
Points of significant omission
Casket letters attributed to Mary, were used against her
Mary was moved frequently
Mary was closely guarded throughout her imprisonment
Mary was spied upon by her jailors
Mary was linked to several conspiracies, for example, the Ridolfi plot
Describe4 marks2022Q6Mary Queen of Scots, and the Reformation, 1542β1587
Describe the power of the monarchy and nobility in Scotland in the 1540s.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Describe Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)
One words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A second words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A third words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A fourth words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
Example: One use of new technology on the Western Front during the First World War was mustard gas, which was used to blind soldiers and make it more difficult for them to fight.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark for each point that is developed.
Full marks by four straightforward points, two developed points, or a combination.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be awarded for each accurate relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark should be awarded for each point that is developed, up to a maximum of 4 marks.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing four straightforward points, by making two developed points (or any combination of these).
Possible points of knowledge
James VI controlled the religion of the country
James VI had control over taxes and income from the church
they owned the land and most ordinary people depended on them
they were in charge of law and order locally
they influenced who received church appointments in their area
they dominated the top positions in the country
they formed alliances amongst themselves to gain more power
they supplied soldiers to the monarch and could withhold them if unhappy
Compare the views4 marks2022Q7Mary Queen of Scots, and the Reformation, 1542β1587
Compare the views of Sources A and B about the reasons for the 'Rough Wooing'.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Compare the sources overall and/or in detail.)
Tip: Highlight 2β3 points of comparison β either where the sources agree OR where they disagree. You do not need both; pick one set and compare them point by point.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Sources A and B are about the reasons for the 'Rough Wooing'.
Henry VIII invaded Scotland in order to end Scotland's alliance with France. Henry was also upset at senior Scottish nobles such as the Earl of Arran who changed their attitude to Henry himself and his religion. For Henry VIII, the invasion of Scotland was about using military force to secure his Northern borders against France. English armies launched repeated attacks, burning parts of Edinburgh. The violent campaign was given the title the 'Rough Wooing'.
Source B
In 1544 Henry VIII sent an army into Scotland to force the marriage of his son Edward, and Mary, Queen of Scots. He made it clear that Mary should move to England. Henry was also encouraged by the support of some Scots who hoped to see a change in religion. Henry VIII believed that an invasion would persuade Scots of the benefits of closer links with England.
Overall, do the sources agree or disagree? (worth a mark for an overall comparison)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Compare the views Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Overall, Sources X and Y [agree/disagree] about words from the question.β 1 mark (overall)
The sources agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
The sources also agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
How it's marked
1 mark for a simple comparison (what the sources agree/disagree about).
2 marks for a developed comparison, supported by specific references to each source.
Full marks by four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons, or a combination.
π‘One set of points will agree, one will disagree.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
A simple comparison will indicate what points of detail or viewpoint the sources agree or disagree on and should be awarded 1 mark.
A developed comparison of the points of detail or overall viewpoint should be awarded a second mark.
Candidates may achieve full marks by making four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons (or by any combination of these).
Overall: Overall β the sources disagree about the reasons for the 'Rough Wooing'.
Points of comparison
disagree
Source A: Henry VIII invaded Scotland in order to end Scotland's alliance with France.
Source B: In 1544 Henry VIII sent an army into Scotland to force the marriage of his son Edward, and Mary, Queen of Scots.
disagree
Source A: Henry was also upset at senior Scottish nobles such as the Earl of Arran who changed their attitude to Henry himself and his religion.
Source B: Henry was also encouraged by the support of some Scots who hoped to see a change in religion.
disagree
Source A: For Henry VIII, the invasion of Scotland was about using military force to secure his Northern borders against France.
Source B: Henry VIII believed that an invasion would persuade Scots of the benefits of closer links with England.
Explain6 marks2022Q8Mary Queen of Scots, and the Reformation, 1542β1587
Explain the reasons why the Protestant religion grew in Scotland.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to a maximum of 6 marks in total, 1 mark should be awarded for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be awarded for reasons that are developed.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing six straightforward reasons, three developed reasons (or any combination of these).
Possible reasons
religious pamphlets were brought over from abroad spreading protestant belief
Bible was available in English meaning those who could not read Latin could now understand it
Protestant worship allowed congregation to sing psalms and say prayers meaning people were involved in the services
Protestant leaders like John Knox preached in Scotland whose arguments appealed to many
resentment at the way Protestant preachers had been treated led to more sympathy for Protestants, for example, Wishart burned as a heretic
Protestant religion used to counter French influence over Scotland which some felt was overbearing
death of Mary of Guise in 1560 allowed for Protestant regents to control the royal household
celebration of mass was banned meaning Protestantism was promoted as the only acceptable form of worship
criticisms of the Catholic church also contributed to the growth of Protestantism. for example, Sale of Indulgences, Pluralism
How fully6 marks2022Q9Mary Queen of Scots, and the Reformation, 1542β1587
How fully does Source C explain the reasons why Mary was forced to abdicate in 1567?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source C
Source C explains the reasons why Mary was forced to abdicate in 1567.
Mary started her reign well, but soon things went wrong. She was suspected of being involved in the murder of her husband, Lord Darnley, in February 1567. Mary's half-brother, the Earl of Moray, rebelled against the queen as he hoped to take control of Scotland by acting as regent to her infant son. Protestant Lords joined Moray as they wanted Mary's son James on the throne. The nobles said they would withdraw if Mary handed over Bothwell, she refused and was forced to surrender. Mary then abdicated in favour of James.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to a maximum of 6 marks in total, 1 mark should be awarded for each valid point selected from the source or each valid point of significant omission provided.
Candidates should be awarded up to 3 marks for their interpretation of points from the source which support their judgement.
Candidates should be awarded up to 4 marks for their identification of points of significant omission, based on their own knowledge, that support their judgement.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for answers in which no judgement has been made or which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
She was suspected of being involved in the murder of her husband, Lord Darnley, in February 1567. (Mary was under suspicion for being involved in her husband's death.)
Mary's half-brother, the Earl of Moray, rebelled against the queen as he hoped to take control of Scotland by acting as regent to her infant son. (Mary's brother wanted to control the Scottish throne.)
Protestant Lords joined Moray as they wanted Mary's son James on the throne. (Protestant nobles conspired against Mary to replace her with her son.)
The nobles said they would withdraw if Mary handed over Bothwell, she refused and was forced to surrender. (Nobles refused to support Mary with Bothwell at her side.)
Points of significant omission
Mary married Bothwell only three months after Darnley's death, which many people thought proved her involvement in Darnley's death
the marriage ceremony to Bothwell was conducted using Protestant rites which made Mary look hypocritical
Mary allowed Bothwell to prevent an investigation into Darnley's death which many people thought proved her involvement in the crime
the Lords' reaction was so quick after Mary's marriage to Bothwell that some have argued it was a planned Protestant plot
some people had never supported Mary as a female ruler
some people have never supported Mary as a Catholic ruler
Evaluate the usefulness5 marks2022Q10Mary Queen of Scots, and the Reformation, 1542β1587
Evaluate the usefulness of Source D as evidence of Mary's involvement in Catholic plots against Elizabeth I.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(You may want to comment on what type of source it is, who wrote it, when they wrote it, why they wrote it, what they say and what has been missed out.)
Tip: Highlight up to 2 content points you would quote (content is worth up to 2 marks) β then consider author, purpose, timing and omission.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source D β from a textbook written by a modern historian in 2008
Source D is from a textbook written by a modern historian in 2008.
Spies constantly searched for evidence that Mary was a threat to Elizabeth I. In the Ridolfi plot, a letter written by Mary named the Duke of Norfolk as head of a movement to restore the Catholic faith to England. The letter went on to say Mary would become Queen of England, a right many considered to be hers as a great-grandchild of Henry VII. Furthermore, she declared that she would personally lead an army to take Dumbarton and Edinburgh castles.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Evaluate the usefulness Β· Appears in 2 sections
Remember COAT
πContent β what the source says
π«Omission β what the source leaves out
βοΈAuthor β who wrote it
πTiming β when it was written
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Source X says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X also says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X omits _____. This makes the source less useful. Source X also omits _____. This makes the source less useful.β 1 mark (omission)
Source X was written by _____. This makes the source useful because they have personal / professional experience of, or are an expert in, words from the question.β 1 mark (author)
Source X was written in _____. This is useful as it was during the time of / has the benefit of hindsight about words from the question.β 1 mark (timing)
How it's marked
Maximum 4 marks for comments on author, type of source, purpose and timing.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on the content of the source.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on points of significant omission.
π‘You can also comment on the Purpose and Type of source.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
For a mark to be awarded, the candidate must identify an aspect of the source and make a comment which shows why this aspect makes the source more or less useful.
A maximum of 4 marks can be awarded for evaluative comments relating to the author, type of source, purpose and timing.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for evaluative comments relating to the content of the source.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for evaluative comments relating to points of significant omission.
Aspect of the source
Author: modern historian β Useful because they are a well-informed expert.
Type of Source: textbook β Useful as it is likely to have been thorough research in Mary's involvement in plots.
Purpose: to inform β Useful as it is intended to give balanced information.
Timing: 2008 β Useful because it was written with the benefit of hindsight.
Content
In the Ridolfi plot, a letter written by Mary named the Duke of Norfolk as head of a movement to restore the Catholic faith to England. β Useful because it is accurate (Mary did have knowledge of the plot of Norfolk planning to overthrow Elizabeth).
The letter went on to say Mary would become Queen of England. β Useful because it is accurate (Mary did claim in letters her right to the throne of England).
Furthermore, she declared that she would personally lead an army to take Dumbarton and Edinburgh castles. β Useful because it is accurate (Mary intended on returning to Scotland and ruling alongside her son).
Points of significant omission
Mary manipulated several jailers into supporting her plots against Elizabeth
Mary was blamed for the Throckmorton plot that planned the murder of Elizabeth
Mary was held responsible for the Parry plot to murder Elizabeth
Mary's letters showed her compliance in the Babington plot to put her on the throne
Compare the views4 marks2021Q6Mary Queen of Scots, and the Scottish Reformation, 1542β1587
Compare the views of Sources A and B about the βRough Wooingβ between England and Scotland.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Compare the sources overall and/or in detail.)
Tip: Highlight 2β3 points of comparison β either where the sources agree OR where they disagree. You do not need both; pick one set and compare them point by point.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Sources A and B are about the βRough Wooingβ between England and Scotland.
In December 1543 Scotland rejected the Treaty of Greenwich. In May 1544, Henry VIII ordered an invasion of Scotland to force the Scots to change their minds. This was not the first time that there had been issues about succession to the Scottish throne. Important towns, such as Edinburgh and Berwick, were attacked and burned. The French provided military support by getting Scotland to sign the Treaty of Haddington β which promised Mary would marry Francis, who was the heir to the French throne.
Source B
The βRough Wooingβ was a war between England and Scotland lasting 7 years. The conflict resulted in many Scottish towns being attacked by the English. Henry VIII ordered these attacks to make Scots accept the Treaty of Greenwich. He was angry that Mary was no longer going to marry his son Edward. In return for Maryβs marriage to the French Dauphin, military support arrived from France and Mary was sent to live there in 1548.
Overall, do the sources agree or disagree? (worth a mark for an overall comparison)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Compare the views Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Overall, Sources X and Y [agree/disagree] about words from the question.β 1 mark (overall)
The sources agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
The sources also agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
How it's marked
1 mark for a simple comparison (what the sources agree/disagree about).
2 marks for a developed comparison, supported by specific references to each source.
Full marks by four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons, or a combination.
π‘One set of points will agree, one will disagree.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must interpret the evidence and make direct comparisons between sources. They may compare the details in the sources and/or compare the viewpoints overall.
A simple comparison will indicate what points of detail or viewpoint the sources agree or disagree on and should be awarded 1 mark. A developed comparison should be awarded a second mark.
Candidates may achieve full marks by making four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons (or by any combination of these).
Overall: Overall β the sources agree about the βRough Wooingβ.
Points of comparison
agree
Source A: In May 1544, Henry VIII ordered an invasion of Scotland (to force the Scots to change their minds).
Source B: Henry VIII ordered these attacks to make Scots accept the Treaty of Greenwich.
agree
Source A: Important towns, such as Edinburgh and Berwick, were attacked and burned.
Source B: The conflict resulted in many Scottish towns being attacked by the English.
agree
Source A: The French provided military support by getting Scotland to sign the Treaty of Haddington β which promised Mary would marry Francis, who was the heir to the French throne.
Source B: In return for Maryβs marriage to the French Dauphin, military support arrived from France and Mary was sent to live there in 1548.
Explain6 marks2021Q7Mary Queen of Scots, and the Scottish Reformation, 1542β1587
Explain the reasons why there was a rebellion against Mary of Guise.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a number of points that make the issue plain or clear, for example by showing connections between factors or causal relationships between events or ideas.
1 mark should be awarded for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be awarded for reasons that are developed.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing six straightforward reasons, three developed reasons (or any combination of these).
Possible reasons
there was opposition to Mary of Guise because she was a female ruler
there was general opposition to Mary of Guise because she was a foreigner ruling Scotland
there was opposition because Mary of Guise used Frenchmen to help her govern Scotland which upset many nobles because they wanted the top jobs for themselves
Mary of Guise used French soldiers in key strongholds in Scotland and many Scots feared they would be replaced
French soldiers and noblemen brought their families with them to live in Scotland and many Scots feared they would stay for good
Mary of Guise was Catholic, and she began to clamp down heavily on Protestants, which upset many
the Lords of the Congregation were formed to oppose the actions of Mary of Guise, encouraging further unrest
Mary of Guise attempted to introduce a new tax which was not popular amongst the nobles
John Knoxβs sermon in Perth encouraged rebellion against the Catholic Church and Mary of Guise headed to Perth with troops to quell the rebellions
Elizabeth I encouraged opposition in Scotland against Mary of Guise.
Describe4 marks2021Q8Mary Queen of Scots, and the Scottish Reformation, 1542β1587
Describe the murder of Riccio in 1566.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Describe Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)
One words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A second words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A third words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A fourth words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
Example: One use of new technology on the Western Front during the First World War was mustard gas, which was used to blind soldiers and make it more difficult for them to fight.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark for each point that is developed.
Full marks by four straightforward points, two developed points, or a combination.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a number of relevant, factual points. These do not have to be in any particular order.
1 mark should be awarded for each accurate relevant key point of knowledge. A second mark should be awarded for each point that is developed, up to a maximum of 4 marks.
Possible points of knowledge
Lord Darnley and a group of conspirators attacked Riccio
the murder took place in Maryβs private rooms
Darnley entered Maryβs private rooms first to reassure her
the conspirators (Lord Ruthven) justified their actions by telling Mary that Riccio had offended her honour
Riccio was terrified and hid behind Mary
the murder of Riccio was an attempt on the life of Mary and that of her unborn baby
How fully6 marks2021Q9Mary Queen of Scots, and the Scottish Reformation, 1542β1587
How fully does Source C describe the Battle of Langside in 1568?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source C
Source C describes the Battle of Langside in 1568.
Mary escaped from Lochleven Castle in May 1568 where she had been imprisoned by the Scottish nobles and forced to abdicate. By the time Mary arrived at Langside, she was able to gather over 6,000 supporters. At Langside she was opposed by the army of the Scottish Lords led by Moray and Kirkcaldy of Grange. Maryβs troops outnumbered those of Morayβs, but his army had good leadership in Morton and Kirkcaldy of Grange. Maryβs army was defeated so she fled to Dumfries then to England.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a judgement about the extent to which the source provides a full description or explanation of a given event or development.
1 mark should be awarded for each valid point selected from the source or each valid point of significant omission provided.
Candidates should be awarded up to 3 marks for their identification of points from the source, and up to 4 marks for their identification of points of significant omission.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for answers in which no judgement has been made or which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
by the time Mary arrived at Langside, she was able to gather over 6,000 supporters
at Langside she was opposed by the army of the Scottish Lords led by Moray and Kirkcaldy of Grange
Maryβs troops outnumbered those of Morayβs, but his army had good leadership in Morton and Kirkcaldy of Grange
Maryβs army was defeated so she fled to Dumfries then to England.
Points of significant omission
Mary had been headed for Dumbarton Castle but was intercepted by Moray at Langside
Moray positioned his troops on Langside Hill, while Maryβs troops were on the lesser Clincart Hill
Mary watched the battle from Cathcart Hills
Maryβs army made an unsuccessful cavalry charge
one hundred of Maryβs men were killed
the battle had only taken three quarters of an hour.
To what extent9 marks2021Q10Mary Queen of Scots, and the Scottish Reformation, 1542β1587
To what extent was Maryβs involvement in Catholic plots the main reason why she was executed by Elizabeth I in 1587?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.amber = the isolated factor to weigh up.
(Use recalled knowledge to introduce then present a balanced assessment of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
To what extent / How important / How successful Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)a factor
There are several reasons why words from the question. These include the isolated factor, FACTOR 2, and FACTOR 3.β 1 mark (introduction)
Some historians think the isolated factor was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact (up to 5)
However, other historians think FACTOR 2 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 mark (balance) + 1 KU per fact
Other historians think FACTOR 3 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact
Overall, the isolated factor / FACTOR 2 / FACTOR 3 was the most important words from the question. This is because [reason why β does not need to be new].β 2 marks (conclusion)
How it's marked
5 marks for knowledge β 1 KU mark for each accurate, developed fact you give to support your factors (not too brief). If only one factor is presented, max 3 for knowledge.
Structure marks: 1 for an introduction, 1 for balance (more than one factor), 2 for a conclusion (1 for a valid judgement, 1 for a reason supporting it).
π‘It is asking: one factor is a reason β but there are others, so decide which was MOST important.
π‘Each fact you add (including every "Alsoβ¦") earns a KU mark, as long as it is developed and not too brief β up to 5.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 9 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to 5 marks can be awarded for relevant, factual, key points of knowledge used to support factors, with 1 mark given for each point. If only one factor is presented, a maximum of 3 marks should be awarded.
A further 4 marks can be awarded for providing the answer in a structured way and coming to a reasoned conclusion.
1 mark for an introduction; 1 mark for the answer being presented in a structured way; 1 mark for a conclusion with a valid judgement; 1 mark for a reason in support of the judgement.
Catholic plots
the Ridolfi plot 1571 planned to depose Elizabeth and replace her with Mary as Queen
Throckmorton plot 1583 planned the murder of Elizabeth and her replacement with Mary
the Parry plot 1585, where Maryβs double agent William Parry planned to kill Queen Elizabeth either in a private meeting or ambushing her
the Babington plot 1586, an English Catholic nobleman plotted to restore the Roman Catholic religion by placing Mary on the English throne
Succession
Mary claimed she had a right to the throne of England
after the death of Mary Tudor, Mary Queen of Scots, had called herself Queen of England
Mary was Elizabethβs heir and she did not trust her
1570, Mary received the backing of the Pope which enhanced Maryβs claim to the English throne as the nearest legal heir
Religion
Protestants thought Mary was a threat, especially since her son and heir was a Protestant
as a Catholic, Mary threatened the stability of Protestant England so Elizabeth executed her so she would not become a focus for Catholics in England
Elizabeth did not want to set Mary free in case she could cause trouble for Elizabeth by encouraging French and Roman Catholic opposition.
To what extent9 marks2019Q6Mary Queen of Scots, and the Reformation, 1542β1587
To what extent was the 'Rough Wooing' the main reason for the tensions between Scotland and England by 1559?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.amber = the isolated factor to weigh up.
(Use recalled knowledge to introduce then present a balanced assessment of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
To what extent / How important / How successful Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)a factor
There are several reasons why words from the question. These include the isolated factor, FACTOR 2, and FACTOR 3.β 1 mark (introduction)
Some historians think the isolated factor was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact (up to 5)
However, other historians think FACTOR 2 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 mark (balance) + 1 KU per fact
Other historians think FACTOR 3 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact
Overall, the isolated factor / FACTOR 2 / FACTOR 3 was the most important words from the question. This is because [reason why β does not need to be new].β 2 marks (conclusion)
How it's marked
5 marks for knowledge β 1 KU mark for each accurate, developed fact you give to support your factors (not too brief). If only one factor is presented, max 3 for knowledge.
Structure marks: 1 for an introduction, 1 for balance (more than one factor), 2 for a conclusion (1 for a valid judgement, 1 for a reason supporting it).
π‘It is asking: one factor is a reason β but there are others, so decide which was MOST important.
π‘Each fact you add (including every "Alsoβ¦") earns a KU mark, as long as it is developed and not too brief β up to 5.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 9 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to 5 marks can be awarded for relevant, factual, key points of knowledge used to support factors, with 1 mark awarded for each point. If only one factor is presented, a maximum of 3 marks should be awarded for relevant points of knowledge.
A further 4 marks can be awarded for providing the answer in a structured way and coming to a reasoned conclusion.
1 mark for an introduction; 1 mark for the answer being presented in a structured way; 1 mark for a conclusion with a valid judgement (or overall summary); 1 mark for a reason in support of the judgement (a summary cannot be supported).
The Rough Wooing
Henry VIII ordered the invasion of Scotland in 1544 because of the rejection of the Treaty of Greenwich
English armies burned down Edinburgh and Berwick and destroyed abbeys
Battle of Pinkie 1547 saw the Scottish army defeated by the English and most of southern Scotland came under English occupation
1548 French troops arrived in Leith, Edinburgh and drove the English out of Scotland
Mary's move to France
1548 the Treaty of Haddington was signed and Mary was moved to France
Mary was pledged to marry the French Dauphin Francis
Mary married the French Dauphin in 1558 and became Queen of France as well as Scotland in 1559
Accession of Elizabeth I
1559 Protestant Elizabeth I crowned Queen of England, many people in England questioned Elizabeth's right to become Queen and it was believed by many in Europe that Mary Stuart was the rightful heir to the throne of England
the English Parliament allowed Elizabeth to become heir to the throne of England in 1543, despite this Henry II of France announced that Mary and the Dauphin Francis were the true Queen and King of England
Religion
during the reign of Henry VIII Scottish nobles were bribed by Henry to encourage Protestantism in Scotland, despite Mary and her mother being Catholic rulers
Mary was brought up Catholic in France which caused tension between Scotland and England when she became Queen of France as well as Scotland
Describe4 marks2019Q7Mary Queen of Scots, and the Reformation, 1542β1587
Describe events leading to the Treaty of Edinburgh, 1559 to 1560.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Describe Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)
One words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A second words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A third words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A fourth words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
Example: One use of new technology on the Western Front during the First World War was mustard gas, which was used to blind soldiers and make it more difficult for them to fight.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark for each point that is developed.
Full marks by four straightforward points, two developed points, or a combination.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be awarded for each accurate relevant key point of knowledge. A second mark should be awarded for each point that is developed, up to a maximum of 4 marks.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing four straightforward points, by making two developed points (or any combination of these).
Possible points of knowledge
Protestantism was spreading in Scotland with help from England
Mary of Guise began to stamp down on Protestants (for example executions) Lords of the Congregation (a group of Scottish Lords who united to promote the Protestant Faith) began to protest about Mary's treatment of Protestants
Mary of Guise used French soldiers to help crush the rebellion
English military help was sent to support the Protestants
Mary of Guise died in June 1560 whilst the two armies faced each other
both sides agreed to withdraw soldiers and leave the Scots to settle their own affairs
Mary never agreed to the Treaty (for example renounce claim to the English throne)
Explain6 marks2019Q8Mary Queen of Scots, and the Reformation, 1542β1587
Explain the reasons why Mary faced difficulties on her return to Scotland from France in 1561.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to a maximum of 6 marks in total, 1 mark should be awarded for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be awarded for reasons that are developed.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing six straightforward reasons, three developed reasons (or any combination of these).
Possible reasons
Scotland had become a Protestant country and Mary was regarded with suspicion because she was Catholic
many nobles were suspicious of Mary as they thought she would replace them with Frenchmen
Mary was female and many people were suspicious of a female monarch
Mary was young so some believed she would be too inexperienced to rule a country
Mary returned to find the nobles in competition with each other (for example Huntly, Moray)
tensions were still high due to the fact that there had recently been a revolt against her mother, Mary of Guise
Mary was considered to be French and the French were still unpopular in Scotland
Elizabeth I was hostile to Mary because she claimed to be the Queen of England
How fully6 marks2019Q9Mary Queen of Scots, and the Reformation, 1542β1587
How fully does Source A explain the reasons why Mary, Queen of Scots' marriage to Darnley caused problems for her?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Source A explains the reasons why Mary, Queen of Scots' marriage to Darnley caused problems for her.
Mary, Queen of Scots and Darnley were married in July 1565. The marriage caused divisions among the Scottish lords who rebelled against Mary resulting in the Chaseabout Raid. Although Mary successfully restored order in Scotland she lost the support of important nobles involved in the rebellion such as Moray and Argyll. The marriage then deteriorated quickly when Darnley demanded the Crown Matrimonial and Mary refused. This caused tension between Mary and Darnley and led to more Scottish nobles disliking Darnley as Mary's choice of husband.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to a maximum of 6 marks in total, 1 mark should be awarded for each valid point selected from the source or each valid point of significant omission provided.
Candidates should be awarded up to 3 marks for their identification of points from the source which support their judgement.
Candidates should be awarded up to 4 marks for their identification of points of significant omission, based on their own knowledge, that support their judgement.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for answers in which no judgement has been made or which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
the marriage caused divisions amongst the Scottish lords resulting in the Chaseabout Raid
Mary lost the support of important nobles because of the marriage, such as Moray and Argyll
Darnley demanded to be given the Crown Matrimonial which Mary refused
the tension created because of the demands for the Crown Matrimonial led to more Scottish nobles disliking Darnley as Mary's choice of husband
Points of significant omission
Queen Elizabeth did not approve of the marriage, which led to further tension between England and Scotland
Darnley humiliated Mary with his bad behaviour (for example drinking and womanising)
Darnley was involved in the murder of Riccio, which caused further humiliation for Mary
Darnley refused to attend his son's baptism, which was embarrassing for Mary
when Darnley was murdered, Mary was thought to be involved
Mary married Bothwell, who was assumed to be Darnley's murderer, which made Mary seem to be a co-conspirator
Compare the views4 marks2019Q10Mary Queen of Scots, and the Reformation, 1542β1587
Compare the views of Sources B and C about why Elizabeth kept Mary, Queen of Scots prisoner.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Compare the sources overall and/or in detail.)
Tip: Highlight 2β3 points of comparison β either where the sources agree OR where they disagree. You do not need both; pick one set and compare them point by point.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source B
Sources B and C are about why Elizabeth I kept Mary, Queen of Scots a prisoner.
Mary was held captive by Elizabeth I for almost 19 years. During this time she was implicated in plots to overthrow Elizabeth and put herself on the throne. Elizabeth therefore could not allow her rival to be set free. One possible solution would be to kill Mary, but this would cause international outcry. It could cause further problems for Elizabeth if she were to give the idea that queens could be executed.
Source C
Whilst Mary, Queen of Scots was imprisoned by Elizabeth I she was thought to be involved in secret plans to replace her. So Elizabeth had to keep her cousin locked up. Mary could not be executed because it would not look good for Elizabeth if she was to allow another queen to be killed. If Mary was to be executed there would be strong opposition from France and Spain, which Elizabeth wished to avoid.
Overall, do the sources agree or disagree? (worth a mark for an overall comparison)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Compare the views Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Overall, Sources X and Y [agree/disagree] about words from the question.β 1 mark (overall)
The sources agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
The sources also agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
How it's marked
1 mark for a simple comparison (what the sources agree/disagree about).
2 marks for a developed comparison, supported by specific references to each source.
Full marks by four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons, or a combination.
π‘One set of points will agree, one will disagree.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
A simple comparison will indicate what points of detail or viewpoint the sources agree or disagree on and should be awarded 1 mark.
A developed comparison of the points of detail or overall viewpoint should be awarded a second mark.
Candidates may achieve full marks by making four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons (or by any combination of these).
Overall: Overall β the sources agree about the reasons why Elizabeth kept Mary in prison.
Points of comparison
agree
Source B: During this time she (Mary) was implicated in plots to overthrow Elizabeth and put herself on the throne.
Source C: Whilst Mary, Queen of Scots was imprisoned by Elizabeth I she was thought to be involved in secret plans to replace her.
agree
Source B: One possible solution would be to kill Mary, but this would cause international outcry.
Source C: If Mary was to be executed there would be strong opposition from France and Spain.
agree
Source B: It could cause further problems for Elizabeth if she were to give the idea that queens could be executed.
Source C: Mary could not be executed because it would not look good for Elizabeth (if she was to allow another queen to be killed).
Describe4 marks2019 specimenQ6Mary Queen of Scots, and the Scottish Reformation, 1542β1587
Describe the events of the βRough Wooingβ.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Describe Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)
One words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A second words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A third words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A fourth words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
Example: One use of new technology on the Western Front during the First World War was mustard gas, which was used to blind soldiers and make it more difficult for them to fight.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark for each point that is developed.
Full marks by four straightforward points, two developed points, or a combination.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a number of relevant, factual points. These should be key points. These do not have to be in any particular order.
1 mark should be awarded for each accurate relevant key point of knowledge. A second mark should be awarded for each point that is developed, up to a maximum of 4 marks.
Possible points of knowledge
the Scots broke the Treaty of Greenwich which stated that Mary would marry Edward, Henry VIII's son
Henry VIII ordered the Earl of Hertford to invade Scotland and burn Edinburgh
the English attacked Scotland and destroyed abbeys/towns in the south of Scotland
Battle of Pinkie Cleugh 1547 β large Scottish army defeated
the Palace of Holyrood in Edinburgh was looted/large parts of Edinburgh were burned/the pier at Leith in Edinburgh was destroyed
Berwick upon Tweed was attacked and burned
Scots received help from the French who sent a force to Edinburgh in 1548
Treaty of Haddington was signed by the Scots and French which agreed Mary would marry the heir to the French throne and Mary was then sent to France for protection.
How fully6 marks2019 specimenQ7Mary Queen of Scots, and the Scottish Reformation, 1542β1587
How fully does Source A explain why Protestantism spread in Scotland in the 1540s and 1550s? (Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Source A is about why Protestantism spread in Scotland in the 1540s and 1550s.
In Germany, the ideas of Martin Luther had started the Reformation movement. Some Scots began to criticise the teachings of the Catholic Church. During the Rough Wooing, English invaders had further encouraged this. This was done by the distribution of English translations of the Bible which helped the growth of Protestantism in Scotland. The Catholic Church continued to use the Latin Bible. Religious pamphlets, smuggled into Scotland from Europe, also spread Protestant ideas. The βGood and Godly Balladsβ made these ideas popular, encouraging the spread of Protestantism in Scotland.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a judgement about the extent to which the source provides a full description or explanation of a given event or development.
Candidates should be awarded up to 3 marks for their identification of points from the source which support their judgement. Candidates should be awarded up to 4 marks for their identification of points of significant omission, based on their own knowledge, that support their judgement. A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for answers in which no judgement has been made or which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
some Scots began to criticise the teachings of the Catholic Church
the distribution of English translations of the Bible which helped the growth of Protestantism in Scotland
religious pamphlets, smuggled into Scotland from Europe, also spread Protestant ideas
the βGood and Godly Balladsβ encouraged the spread of Protestant ideas.
Points of significant omission
increasing criticism of the wealth of the Catholic Church/not using its wealth properly, eg to support the poor, sick etc
some Scots began to resent payments to the church claiming they were excessive
some churchmen lived scandalous lives which brought the Catholic Church into disrepute
John Knox returned to Scotland and helped spread Protestantism
anger at the way some Protestant preachers had been treated (eg Wishart)
resentment of French/Catholic influence over Scotland.
Compare the views4 marks2019 specimenQ8Mary Queen of Scots, and the Scottish Reformation, 1542β1587
Compare the views of Sources B and C about how well Mary, Queen of Scots ruled Scotland. (Compare the sources overall and/or in detail.)
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
Tip: Highlight 2β3 points of comparison β either where the sources agree OR where they disagree. You do not need both; pick one set and compare them point by point.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source B
Sources B and C are about how well Mary, Queen of Scots ruled Scotland.
Mary returned to Scotland as Queen in 1561. Mary was a Roman Catholic who believed that she should rule England instead of her Protestant cousin, Elizabeth. She neglected the government of Scotland. Mary was happy to leave the running of the country to a group of Protestant nobles. Despite the fact that Mary was a Catholic, she showed little interest in the issue of religion in Scotland.
Source C
To begin with Mary had been a successful ruler in Scotland. That was until she allowed her heart to rule her head by marrying her English born first cousin, Lord Darnley. She had defeated the Protestant nobles who challenged her authority and had established a successful government under her half-brother Moray. Mary was a very devout Catholic, but she decided that she would tolerate Scotland's new Protestant church.
Overall, do the sources agree or disagree? (worth a mark for an overall comparison)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Compare the views Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Overall, Sources X and Y [agree/disagree] about words from the question.β 1 mark (overall)
The sources agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
The sources also agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
How it's marked
1 mark for a simple comparison (what the sources agree/disagree about).
2 marks for a developed comparison, supported by specific references to each source.
Full marks by four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons, or a combination.
π‘One set of points will agree, one will disagree.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must interpret the evidence and make direct comparisons between sources. Candidates are expected to compare content directly on a point-by-point basis. They may compare the details in the sources and/or compare the viewpoints overall.
A simple comparison will indicate what points of detail or viewpoint the sources agree or disagree on and should be awarded 1 mark. A developed comparison of the points of detail or overall viewpoint should be awarded a second mark.
Overall: Overall - the sources disagree about how well Mary, Queen of Scots ruled Scotland
Points of comparison
disagree
Source B: β¦she neglected the government of Scotland.
Source C: β¦to begin with, Mary had been a successful ruler in Scotland/had established a successful government.
disagree
Source B: β¦Mary was happy to leave the running of the country to a group of Protestant nobles.
Source C: β¦she had defeated the Protestant nobles who challenged her authority.
disagree
Source B: β¦she showed little interest in the issue of religion in Scotland.
Source C: β¦she decided that she would tolerate Scotland's new Protestant church.
Evaluate the usefulness5 marks2019 specimenQ9Mary Queen of Scots, and the Scottish Reformation, 1542β1587
Evaluate the usefulness of Source D as evidence of why Mary, Queen of Scots, lost power over Scotland in 1567.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(You may want to comment on what type of source it is, who wrote it, when they wrote it, why they wrote it, what they say and what has been missed out.)
Tip: Highlight up to 2 content points you would quote (content is worth up to 2 marks) β then consider author, purpose, timing and omission.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source D
Source D is from a textbook written by a modern historian in 2007.
Some Scots simply did not want to be ruled by a woman, as they believed that only men should be in positions of power. John Knox wrote a book against women in power. Others were suspicious of Mary's religion, as she was a Catholic, and so they also opposed her. At that time in Europe, rulers had the power to decide their country's religion. Eventually, Mary's half-brother, the Earl of Moray, forced her into giving up her power in favour of her infant son.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Evaluate the usefulness Β· Appears in 2 sections
Remember COAT
πContent β what the source says
π«Omission β what the source leaves out
βοΈAuthor β who wrote it
πTiming β when it was written
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Source X says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X also says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X omits _____. This makes the source less useful. Source X also omits _____. This makes the source less useful.β 1 mark (omission)
Source X was written by _____. This makes the source useful because they have personal / professional experience of, or are an expert in, words from the question.β 1 mark (author)
Source X was written in _____. This is useful as it was during the time of / has the benefit of hindsight about words from the question.β 1 mark (timing)
How it's marked
Maximum 4 marks for comments on author, type of source, purpose and timing.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on the content of the source.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on points of significant omission.
π‘You can also comment on the Purpose and Type of source.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must evaluate the extent to which a source is useful by commenting on evidence such as the author, type of source, purpose, timing, content or omission. For a mark to be awarded, the candidate must identify an aspect of the source and make a comment which shows why this aspect makes the source more or less useful.
A maximum of 4 marks can be awarded for evaluative comments relating to the author, type of source, purpose and timing. A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for evaluative comments relating to the content of the source. A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for evaluative comments relating to points of significant omission.
Aspect
Author: Modern historian β Useful because has expert knowledge/has studied a range of relevant sources
Type of source: Textbook β Useful because it contains straightforward information without bias/well researched
Purpose: To inform β Useful because it provides detailed information
Timing: 2007 β Useful because it has the benefit of hindsight
Content
Some Scots simply did not want to be ruled by a woman, as they believed that only men should be in positions of power. β Useful as this is accurate (as many Scots believed that a woman was too weak to rule a country properly).
Others were suspicious of Mary's religionβ¦ β Useful as this is accurate (as Mary was a Catholic while most Scots were Protestant).
β¦the Earl of Moray, forced her into giving up her powerβ¦ β Useful as this is accurate (as Mary's brother, the Earl of Moray, made her give up the throne).
Points of significant omission
many Scots blamed her for the murder of Darnley/people would not accept being ruled by a murderess
she had caused a scandal by marrying Bothwell shortly after the murder of Darnley
Mary's Protestant critics disapproved of her frivolity (criticised Mary for dancing)
Scottish nobles, mainly Protestant, rebelled against Mary.
Explain6 marks2019 specimenQ10Mary Queen of Scots, and the Scottish Reformation, 1542β1587
Explain the reasons why Mary Queen of Scots was executed in 1587.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a number of points that make the issue plain or clear, for example by showing connections between factors or causal relationships between events or ideas. These should be key reasons but there is no need for any evaluation or prioritising of these reasons.
Up to a maximum of 6 marks in total, 1 mark should be awarded for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be awarded for reasons that are developed.
Possible reasons
Catholics plotted to kill Elizabeth and to make Mary Queen of England, which convinced English Protestants Mary was a menace
Mary claimed that she was the true, Catholic Queen of England, which worried English Protestants
Mary was Elizabeth's heir and she didn't trust Mary/saw Mary as a threat
Elizabeth was afraid if Mary got free she would return to Scotland where she could cause trouble for Elizabeth by making it a base for French and Roman Catholic activities
Mary's son, who was next in line to the English crown, was a Protestant, so Mary's death would ensure England remained Protestant
1580: the Pope's policy of encouraging plots against Elizabeth persuaded many Protestants that Mary was a threat
1585: after several plots, the English government passed a law stating that Mary would be executed if she was actively involved in any plot against Elizabeth
Mary had not been involved in any of these plots but the law was changed to make beneficiaries of plots liable to the death penalty
1586: Babington contacted Mary to inform her of his plans to kill Elizabeth and help Mary to escape and Mary replied agreeing to Elizabeth's death
the incriminating letter was intercepted by Elizabeth's spies which proved she was plotting against Elizabeth
Elizabeth hesitated to execute her cousin but the death warrant was concealed amongst a pile of letters all of which Elizabeth signed.
Explain6 marks2018Q5Mary Queen of Scots, and the Scottish Reformation, 1542β1587
Explain the reasons why the Catholic Church faced difficulties in Scotland in the 1540s and 1550s.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be given for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be given for reasons that are developed.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing six straightforward reasons, three developed reasons (or a combination of these).
Possible reasons
the Church could be easily influenced through bribery by rich nobles which affected the authority of the Church
Abbots and Bishops insisted that funds from parishes were sent to them (often abroad) which meant that local churches suffered
local parish priests were often poorly educated which meant they lacked knowledge of scripture and were not able to say mass accurately
some of the clergy were married with children which caused criticism as they were supposed to be celibate
illegitimate children of the nobility and royalty were appointed to offices within the Church which caused resentment (eg James Vβs illegitimate sons)
attempts at reform before the 1560s were criticised for being too limited
senior clergy spent Church finances to fund luxurious lifestyles which many people saw as corrupt
Protestant ideas were growing in Scotland which was a threat to the practices of the Catholic Church (eg sale of pardons)
the Lords of the Congregation, a group of Protestant Lords, united against Mary of Guise and were planning to establish a Protestant Reformation in Scotland, which challenged the authority of the Catholic Queen and Church
the Catholic Church faced condemnation for its persecution of Protestant followers (eg George Wishart who was burned as a heretic in 1546)
the Catholic Church was closely connected to France which aroused resentment in Scotland.
How fully6 marks2018Q6Mary Queen of Scots, and the Scottish Reformation, 1542β1587
How fully does Source A describe the regencies of Moray and Morton?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Source A describes the regencies of Moray and Morton in Scotland.
In 1567, James VI became king but was too young to rule so Moray became Jamesβ first regent. He had to cope with the fact that Mary still had supporters who wanted to return her to the throne even after her abdication. Moray spent his time securing Protestantism in Scotland by passing laws to strengthen the religion. This helped reduce support for Mary among the nobles. In 1572, Morton became regent and also strongly supported Protestantism. He forced ministers to declare loyalty to the King as Governor of the Kirk.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates should be awarded up to 3 marks for their identification of points from the source which support their judgement.
Candidates should be awarded up to 4 marks for their identification of points of significant omission, based on their own knowledge, that support their judgement.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for answers in which no judgement has been made or which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
[Moray] had to cope with the fact that Mary still had supporters who wanted to return her to the throne even after her abdication
Moray spent his time securing Protestantism in Scotland by passing laws to strengthen the religion
in 1572 Morton became regent and also strongly supported Protestantism
he forced ministers to declare loyalty to the King as Governor of the Kirk
Points of significant omission
Moray passed laws of the Reformation Parliament in 1560 which favoured the Kirk
Moray took strong action against Catholic priests
Moray was murdered in Linlithgow in 1570 by one of Maryβs supporters
Morton had strong support from Elizabeth I for his religious policies
Morton was a strong regent who restored law and order and increased taxes
Morton was executed in 1581 due to his complicity in the murder of Darnley.
To what extent9 marks2018Q7Mary Queen of Scots, and the Scottish Reformation, 1542β1587
To what extent were relations with the nobility the main reason why Mary faced difficulties during her reign in Scotland between 1561 and 1567?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.amber = the isolated factor to weigh up.
(Use recalled knowledge to introduce then present a balanced assessment of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
To what extent / How important / How successful Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)a factor
There are several reasons why words from the question. These include the isolated factor, FACTOR 2, and FACTOR 3.β 1 mark (introduction)
Some historians think the isolated factor was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact (up to 5)
However, other historians think FACTOR 2 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 mark (balance) + 1 KU per fact
Other historians think FACTOR 3 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact
Overall, the isolated factor / FACTOR 2 / FACTOR 3 was the most important words from the question. This is because [reason why β does not need to be new].β 2 marks (conclusion)
How it's marked
5 marks for knowledge β 1 KU mark for each accurate, developed fact you give to support your factors (not too brief). If only one factor is presented, max 3 for knowledge.
Structure marks: 1 for an introduction, 1 for balance (more than one factor), 2 for a conclusion (1 for a valid judgement, 1 for a reason supporting it).
π‘It is asking: one factor is a reason β but there are others, so decide which was MOST important.
π‘Each fact you add (including every "Alsoβ¦") earns a KU mark, as long as it is developed and not too brief β up to 5.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 9 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to 5 marks can be given for relevant, factual, key points of knowledge used to support factors, with 1 mark given for each point (but one mark should be deducted if the process is not clear in at least two factors).
If only one factor is presented, a maximum of 3 marks should be given for relevant points of knowledge.
A further 4 marks can be given for providing the answer in a structured way and coming to a reasoned conclusion (1 mark introduction, 1 mark structure, 1 mark conclusion with a valid judgement, 1 mark for a reason in support of the judgement).
relations with the nobility
many nobles were suspicious of Mary on her return from France as they thought she would replace them with Frenchmen
the nobles resented taking orders from a woman
during her first few years, Mary used her half-brother, Lord James Stewart, and Maitland of Lethington to help govern Scotland which annoyed their rivals
in March 1565, Moray, Argyll and ChΓ’telherault agreed to rebel because of Maryβs marriage to Darnley, resulting in the Chaseabout Raid
marital relationships
Darnleyβs behaviour of drinking and womanising reflected badly on Mary
Maryβs relationship with Riccio was under suspicion, some suspected they were having an affair/he was a foreign spy
Mary was suspected of involvement in Darnleyβs murder
Maryβs marriage to Bothwell was heavily criticised and lost Mary support because he was a suspect in Darnleyβs death
religious policy
Scotland was a Protestant country and when the Catholic Mary returned from France the new Kirk was suspicious that she may wish to return Scotland to a Catholic country
John Knox never believed that Mary accepted the Protestant religion in Scotland and encouraged opposition to her amongst Protestant followers
relationship with Elizabeth
Mary was undermined by Elizabethβs support of Scottish nobles in rebellion against her
Maryβs religion encouraged English Catholics to plot against Elizabeth which further undermined their relationship
Evaluate the usefulness5 marks2018Q8Mary Queen of Scots, and the Scottish Reformation, 1542β1587
Evaluate the usefulness of Source B as evidence of the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots in 1587.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(You may want to comment on what type of source it is, who wrote it, when they wrote it, why they wrote it, what they say and what has been missed out.)
Tip: Highlight up to 2 content points you would quote (content is worth up to 2 marks) β then consider author, purpose, timing and omission.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source B β from the diary of a lady-in-waiting who accompanied Mary during her imprisonment in England and was written in 1567
Source B is from the diary of a lady-in-waiting who accompanied Mary during her imprisonment in England and was written in 1567.
The Queen quickly, and with great courage, knelt down and showed no signs of faltering. So great was her bravery that all present were moved. The executioner, or rather the minister of Satan, strove to kill not only her body but her soul because he kept interrupting her prayers. When she eventually finished praying, she laid her head on the block. The executioner struck her a great blow on the neck, which was not however, entirely severed.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Evaluate the usefulness Β· Appears in 2 sections
Remember COAT
πContent β what the source says
π«Omission β what the source leaves out
βοΈAuthor β who wrote it
πTiming β when it was written
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Source X says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X also says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X omits _____. This makes the source less useful. Source X also omits _____. This makes the source less useful.β 1 mark (omission)
Source X was written by _____. This makes the source useful because they have personal / professional experience of, or are an expert in, words from the question.β 1 mark (author)
Source X was written in _____. This is useful as it was during the time of / has the benefit of hindsight about words from the question.β 1 mark (timing)
How it's marked
Maximum 4 marks for comments on author, type of source, purpose and timing.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on the content of the source.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on points of significant omission.
π‘You can also comment on the Purpose and Type of source.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
A maximum of 4 marks can be given for evaluative comments relating to the author, type of source, purpose and timing.
A maximum of 2 marks may be given for evaluative comments relating to the content of the source.
A maximum of 2 marks may be given for evaluative comments relating to points of significant omission.
Points from the source
Author: Lady-in-waiting to Mary β Useful because she was an eyewitness.
Type of source: Diary β Useful because it is an honest, personal account.
Purpose: To record β Useful because it is a private account (and likely to be truthful).
Timing: 1567 β Useful because it was written at the time of Maryβs execution./1567 β Not useful because it was not written at the time of Maryβs execution.
Content: The Queen quickly, and with great courage, knelt down and showed no signs of faltering. β Useful because it is accurate (Mary did show courage during her execution).
Content: The executioner kept interrupting her prayers/when she eventually finished she laid her head on the block. β Useful because it is accurate (the executioner did attempt to interrupt Maryβs prayers).
Content: The executioner struck her a great blow on the neck, which was not however, entirely severed. β Useful because it is accurate (the first blow failed to cut off her head).
Points of significant omission
Mary removed her black dress to reveal a red petticoat which was a symbol of Catholic martyrdom
two blows were needed to cut off Maryβs head
the executioner raised up her head to show the crowd and her wig came away to reveal her grey hair cut short to her scalp
Maryβs small dog was found under her skirts soaked in her blood/the dog had to be removed by force then it laid on her shoulder.
Explain5 marks2017Q5β³ Older formatMary Queen of Scots, and the Scottish Reformation, 1542β1587
Explain the reasons why Mary, Queen of Scots left Scotland for France in 1548.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must show a causal relationship between events.
1 mark should be given for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be given for reasons that are developed.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing five straightforward reasons, three developed reasons, or a combination of these.
Possible reasons
Scotland broke the Treaty of Greenwich with England (promise for Mary to marry Henry VIII's son) so Mary would have been in danger from the English ('Rough Wooing')
Mary had to be moved around the country many times so it was becoming difficult to keep her safe from the attacking English
a plan was developed to smuggle Mary out of Scotland to France because the English continued to try and enforce the treaty even after Henry VIII had died (1547)
the French wanted Mary to marry the heir to the French throne so Mary had to leave Scotland to live in France
in August 1548 Mary set sail for France because Scotland and France had signed the Treaty of Haddington which promised Mary in marriage to the French heir to the throne
moving Mary to France was a precondition for French military aid against the English
Describe5 marks2017Q6β³ Older formatMary Queen of Scots, and the Scottish Reformation, 1542β1587
Describe the events that led to Scotland becoming a Protestant country in 1560.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Describe Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)
One words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A second words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A third words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A fourth words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
Example: One use of new technology on the Western Front during the First World War was mustard gas, which was used to blind soldiers and make it more difficult for them to fight.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark for each point that is developed.
Full marks by four straightforward points, two developed points, or a combination.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be given for each accurate relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark should be given for each point that is developed, up to a maximum of 5 marks.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing five straightforward points, by making three developed points, or a combination of these.
Possible points of knowledge
some Scots began to question the teachings of the Catholic Church
criticism of the wealth of the Catholic Church in Scotland
English translations of the Bible were distributed
religious pamphlets were brought over from abroad
Protestant preachers like John Knox started preaching/returned to Scotland in 1559
resentment of French/Catholic influence over Scotland
criticism of how some Protestant preachers were treated eg Wishart
death of Catholic Queen Mary of Guise in 1560
Parliament in August abolished the mass, ended the authority of the Pope and adopted the Protestant Confession of Faith
Evaluate the usefulness5 marks2017Q7β³ Older formatMary Queen of Scots, and the Scottish Reformation, 1542β1587
Evaluate the usefulness of Source A as evidence of the death of Darnley in 1567.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(You may want to comment on what type of source it is, who wrote it, when they wrote it, why they wrote it, what they say and what has been missed out.)
Tip: Highlight up to 2 content points you would quote (content is worth up to 2 marks) β then consider author, purpose, timing and omission.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Source A is from a textbook written by a modern historian in 2013.
On the night Darnley was killed, everyone in the palace was woken by a deafening noise that shook the entire area. Mary asked what cannon were firing as she thought they were under attack. But no one knew what was happening. All over town, people hurried outside to discover what dreadful disaster had occurred. Those who lived in Kirk o' Field stared in disbelief at the house where Darnley was staying, which was now rubble.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Evaluate the usefulness Β· Appears in 2 sections
Remember COAT
πContent β what the source says
π«Omission β what the source leaves out
βοΈAuthor β who wrote it
πTiming β when it was written
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Source X says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X also says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X omits _____. This makes the source less useful. Source X also omits _____. This makes the source less useful.β 1 mark (omission)
Source X was written by _____. This makes the source useful because they have personal / professional experience of, or are an expert in, words from the question.β 1 mark (author)
Source X was written in _____. This is useful as it was during the time of / has the benefit of hindsight about words from the question.β 1 mark (timing)
How it's marked
Maximum 4 marks for comments on author, type of source, purpose and timing.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on the content of the source.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on points of significant omission.
π‘You can also comment on the Purpose and Type of source.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a judgement about the usefulness of the source and support this by making evaluative comments on identified aspects of the source.
1 mark should be given for each relevant comment made, up to a maximum of 5 marks in total.
A maximum of 4 marks can be given for evaluative comments relating to the author, type of source, purpose and timing.
A maximum of 2 marks may be given for comments relating to the content of the source; a maximum of 2 marks for points of significant omission.
Author/Type/Purpose/Timing
Author: Historian β Useful because he has expert knowledge/has studied a range of relevant sources
Type of Source: Textbook β Useful because it contains straightforward factual information without bias/well researched
Purpose: To inform β Useful because it provides detailed information
Timing: 2013 β Useful because it has the benefit of hindsight
Points from the source
Deafening noise shook the entire area β Useful because it is accurate (the explosion was heard by many)
Mary thought they were under attack β Useful because it is accurate (Mary appeared not to know about the plot to kill Darnley)
Darnley's house reduced to a pile of rubble β Useful because it is accurate (Darnley's house did suffer extensive damage)
Points of significant omission
Darnley's naked body was found in another area away from the explosion along with a servant/without any marks that would indicate that he was in an explosion
beside Darnley's body were found a cloak, a dagger, a chair and a coat
witnesses say they saw men running from the scene before the explosion
Mary's political enemies accused her of being involved in a plot to kill Darnley
How fully5 marks2017Q8β³ Older formatMary Queen of Scots, and the Scottish Reformation, 1542β1587
How fully does Source B describe the events relating to the abdication of Mary, Queen of Scots? (Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source B
Source B describes the events relating to the abdication of Mary, Queen of Scots in 1567.
Many of the Scottish nobles were outraged that Mary had married the Earl of Bothwell. Some of the Protestant nobles decided to rebel against Mary and Bothwell, including her half-brother the Earl of Moray. The Protestant nobles raised an army and so did Mary and her new husband. The two armies met at Carberry on 15th June 1566. The nobles said they would withdraw if Mary gave up Bothwell but she refused. Bothwell escaped to Denmark and Mary surrendered to the Scottish nobles.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make an overall judgement about how fully the source explains the events.
1 mark may be given for each valid point interpreted from the source or each valid point of significant omission provided.
Candidates should be given up to 3 marks for points from the source; up to 4 marks for points of significant omission.
A maximum of 2 marks may be given for answers which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
Scottish nobles, outraged at Mary's marriage to Bothwell, decided to rebel against Mary and Bothwell
the Protestant nobles raised an army and so did Mary and her new husband
the nobles said they would withdraw if Mary gave up Bothwell but she refused
Bothwell escaped and Mary surrendered to the Scottish nobles
Points of significant omission
the nobles then imprisoned Mary in Loch Leven Castle
Explain6 marks2016Q4β³ Older formatMary Queen of Scots, and the Scottish Reformation, 1542β1587
Explain the reasons why Protestantism grew in Scotland up to 1560.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must show a causal relationship between events.
1 mark should be given for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be given for reasons that are developed.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing six straightforward reasons, three developed reasons, or a combination of these.
Possible reasons
some Scots began to question the teachings of the Catholic Church
resentment at churchmen who were wealthy while everyone else worked hard
criticisms of the wealth of the Church in Scotland and its concerns with money (eg Pluralism)
shortages of parish priests and poor quality of rest drew criticism
criticisms of the lack of spirituality among some members of the Catholic Church (eg monks and nuns not leading holy lives)
criticisms of abuse of responsibilities by some members of the Church (eg local priests charging money for important ceremonies such as christenings and funerals/or employing others to perform ceremonies for them)
resentment of French Catholic influence on Scotland/resentment at Mary of Guise who had persecuted Protestants
Protestant Lords of the Congregation used Protestant religion to attack French influence
presence of Protestant preachers from England widespread (eg John Knox)
criticism of the severity of treatment of some Protestant preachers (eg Wishart who was burned at the stake for being a heretic in 1546)
Protestantism was appealing to many as the style of worship meant people could be more involved/congregation allowed to sing psalms and say prayers
English translations of the New Testament were being distributed in Scotland during the period of the βRough Wooingβ/the Good and Godly Ballads spread Protestant ideas
resentment over money spent to decorate Roman Catholic churches
any other valid reason that meets the criteria described in the general marking instructions for this kind of question (see column to left).
To what extent8 marks2016Q5β³ Older formatMary Queen of Scots, and the Scottish Reformation, 1542β1587
To what extent did Maryβs marriage to Darnley play a part in her downfall in 1567?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.amber = the isolated factor to weigh up.
(You must use recalled knowledge to present a balanced assessment of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
To what extent / How important / How successful Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)a factor
There are several reasons why words from the question. These include the isolated factor, FACTOR 2, and FACTOR 3.β 1 mark (introduction)
Some historians think the isolated factor was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact (up to 5)
However, other historians think FACTOR 2 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 mark (balance) + 1 KU per fact
Other historians think FACTOR 3 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact
Overall, the isolated factor / FACTOR 2 / FACTOR 3 was the most important words from the question. This is because [reason why β does not need to be new].β 2 marks (conclusion)
How it's marked
5 marks for knowledge β 1 KU mark for each accurate, developed fact you give to support your factors (not too brief). If only one factor is presented, max 3 for knowledge.
Structure marks: 1 for an introduction, 1 for balance (more than one factor), 2 for a conclusion (1 for a valid judgement, 1 for a reason supporting it).
π‘It is asking: one factor is a reason β but there are others, so decide which was MOST important.
π‘Each fact you add (including every "Alsoβ¦") earns a KU mark, as long as it is developed and not too brief β up to 5.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 8 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must use knowledge to present a balanced assessment of the influence of different possible factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.
Up to 5 marks are allocated for relevant points of knowledge used to support factors (but one mark should be deducted if the process is not clear in at least two factors). 1 mark should be given for each relevant, factual key point of knowledge used to support a factor. If only one factor is presented, a maximum of 3 marks should be given for relevant points of knowledge.
Up to 3 marks should be given for presenting the answer in a structured way, leading to a conclusion which addresses the question: 1 mark for a structured answer with knowledge organised in support of different factors; 1 mark for a conclusion with a valid judgement or overall summary; 1 mark for a reason being provided in support of the judgement.
Maryβs marriage to Darnley
Darnley was unpopular with many Scots/Mary ignored warnings about him
Darnley discredited Mary with his behaviour (eg excessive drinking/gambling)
Darnley insulted James Stewart and most of the important Scottish nobles which lost Mary support
Most of Maryβs trusted officials resigned and rebelled against him (Chaseabout Raid), which weakened her Government
Darnley was involved in the murder of Riccio which reflected badly on Mary
Darnley was murdered and Mary was assumed to be involved/led to Maryβs imprisonment and abdication
Maryβs relationship with Bothwell
Mary was blamed for having a relationship with Bothwell before Darnleyβs murder
Mary married Bothwell who was assumed to be Darnleyβs murderer which made her a co-conspirator
Mary allowed Bothwell to prevent a fair inquiry into Darnleyβs death
Religious reasons
Many Scots did not want to have a Catholic as a ruler
Protestants did not trust her for being pro-French
Attitude of Knox and the Kirk who criticised Mary
Bothwell was a Protestant and the marriage turned some Catholics against her
Evaluate the usefulness6 marks2016Q6β³ Older formatMary Queen of Scots, and the Scottish Reformation, 1542β1587
Evaluate the usefulness of Source A as evidence of why Mary Queen of Scots was executed in 1587.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(You may want to comment on what type of source it is, who wrote it, when they wrote it, why they wrote it, what they say and what has been missed out.)
Tip: Highlight up to 2 content points you would quote (content is worth up to 2 marks) β then consider author, purpose, timing and omission.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Source A is from a letter written in 1586 by Mary Queen of Scots to Anthony Babington.
When everything is prepared and the forces are ready both in this country and abroad, then you must set the six gentlemen to work. Give orders that when the act is done, they get me away from here. At the same time get all your forces into battle order to protect me while we wait for help from abroad. May God grant success to our plans.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Evaluate the usefulness Β· Appears in 2 sections
Remember COAT
πContent β what the source says
π«Omission β what the source leaves out
βοΈAuthor β who wrote it
πTiming β when it was written
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Source X says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X also says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X omits _____. This makes the source less useful. Source X also omits _____. This makes the source less useful.β 1 mark (omission)
Source X was written by _____. This makes the source useful because they have personal / professional experience of, or are an expert in, words from the question.β 1 mark (author)
Source X was written in _____. This is useful as it was during the time of / has the benefit of hindsight about words from the question.β 1 mark (timing)
How it's marked
Maximum 4 marks for comments on author, type of source, purpose and timing.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on the content of the source.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on points of significant omission.
π‘You can also comment on the Purpose and Type of source.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a judgement about the usefulness of the source and support this by making evaluative comments on identified aspects of the source.
1 mark should be given for each relevant comment made, up to a maximum of 6 marks in total.
A maximum of 4 marks can be given for evaluative comments relating to the author, type of source, purpose and timing.
A maximum of 2 marks may be given for comments relating to the content of the source; a maximum of 2 marks may be given for comments relating to points of significant omission.
Author: Mary Queen of Scots
Useful as it is a first-hand account (directly implicates her as co-operating with the plotters)
Type of Source: Letter
Useful as personal/secret communication so may be less guarded
Purpose: To persuade
Useful as it shows Mary was directly involved in plotting to escape
Timing: 1586
Useful as it is from the time leading up to Maryβs execution
Content
When everything is prepared and the forces are ready both in this country and abroad, then you must set the six gentlemen to work β Useful as it accurately shows Maryβs knowledge of the plot
Give orders that when the act is done, they get me away from here β Useful as accurately shows Mary giving orders to be released from her captivity/may refer to plans to kill Elizabeth
At the same time get all your forces into battle order to protect me while we wait for help from abroad β Useful as accurately indicates Maryβs intent to seek foreign assistance
Points of significant omission
Sir Francis Walsingham added an extra section where he forged Maryβs request for the names of the men who would kill Elizabeth
English Parliament had already voted that Mary would be executed should there be any more plots against Elizabeth discovered
Mary was denied legal counsel at her trial
any other valid point that meets the criteria described in the general marking instructions for this kind of question (see column to left).
Describe5 marks2015Q5β³ Older formatMary Queen of Scots, and the Scottish Reformation, 1542β1587
Describe the events of the βRough Wooingβ.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Describe Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)
One words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A second words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A third words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A fourth words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
Example: One use of new technology on the Western Front during the First World War was mustard gas, which was used to blind soldiers and make it more difficult for them to fight.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark for each point that is developed.
Full marks by four straightforward points, two developed points, or a combination.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be given for each accurate relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark should be given for each point that is developed, up to a maximum of 5 marks.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing five straightforward points, by making three developed points, or a combination of these.
Possible points of knowledge
the Scots broke the Treaty of Greenwich which stated that Mary would marry Edward, Henry VIIIβs son
Henry VIII ordered the Earl of Hertford to invade Scotland and burn Edinburgh
the English attacked Scotland and destroyed abbeys/towns in the south of Scotland
Henry VIII encouraged the assassination of Cardinal Beaton
Battle of Pinkie Cleugh 1547 β large Scottish army defeated
the Palace of Holyrood in Edinburgh was looted/large parts of Edinburgh were burned
the pier at Leith in Edinburgh was destroyed
Berwick upon Tweed was attacked and burned
Scots received help from the French who sent a force to Edinburgh in 1548
Treaty of Haddington was signed by the Scots and French which agreed Mary would marry the heir to the French throne
Compare the views4 marks2015Q6β³ Older formatMary Queen of Scots, and the Scottish Reformation, 1542β1587
Compare the views of Sources A and B about what happened to Riccio.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Compare the sources overall and/or in detail.)
Tip: Highlight 2β3 points of comparison β either where the sources agree OR where they disagree. You do not need both; pick one set and compare them point by point.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Sources A and B are about the murder of Riccio.
Mary was in her chamber enjoying a meal with Riccio and some other friends. Suddenly, Darnley forced his way into the chamber with a large group of followers. One of the intruders held Mary back and a pistol was pointed towards her pregnant belly. Ruthven and another man then attacked Riccio. He was then dragged from the room and stabbed many times. His lifeless body was discovered early next morning.
Source B
Darnley unexpectedly appeared with a group of armed nobles, including Lord Ruthven, and burst into Maryβs chamber. Ruthven shouted to Riccio to step forward away from Mary. Riccio was then pulled out of the room and stabbed over 50 times before his body was thrown downstairs. Mary, who was pregnant, could not do anything because she had been seized and had a gun pointed to her stomach.
Overall, do the sources agree or disagree? (worth a mark for an overall comparison)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Compare the views Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Overall, Sources X and Y [agree/disagree] about words from the question.β 1 mark (overall)
The sources agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
The sources also agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
How it's marked
1 mark for a simple comparison (what the sources agree/disagree about).
2 marks for a developed comparison, supported by specific references to each source.
Full marks by four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons, or a combination.
π‘One set of points will agree, one will disagree.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make direct comparisons of the two sources, either overall or in detail.
A simple comparison will indicate what points of detail or overall viewpoint they agree or disagree about and should be given 1 mark.
A developed comparison of the points of detail or overall viewpoint should be given 2 marks.
Candidates may achieve full marks by making four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons or by a combination of these.
Overall: The sources agree that Darnley and a group of nobles entered Maryβs chamber uninvited/ killed Riccio
Points of comparison
agree
Source A: Suddenly, Darnley forced his way into the chamber with a large group of followers
Source B: Darnley unexpectedly appeared with a group of armed nobles, including Lord Ruthven, and burst into Maryβs chamber
agree
Source A: One of the intruders held Mary back and a pistol was pointed towards her pregnant belly
Source B: Mary, who was pregnant, could not do anything because she had been seized and had a gun pointed to her stomach
agree
Source A: He was then dragged from the room and stabbed many times
Source B: Riccio was then pulled out of the room and stabbed over 50 times
Explain5 marks2015Q7β³ Older formatMary Queen of Scots, and the Scottish Reformation, 1542β1587
Explain the reasons why Mary was forced to abdicate in 1567.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must show a causal relationship between events.
1 mark should be given for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be given for reasons that are developed.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing five straightforward reasons, three developed reasons, or a combination of these.
Possible reasons
Mary was implicated in the murder of her husband, Lord Darnley which put pressure on her to abdicate
her marriage to Bothwell cast further suspicion on Mary
Mary allowed Bothwell to prevent a fair investigation into the death of Darnley which angered many
Mary was forced to abdicate because Protestant Lords wanted her infant son on the throne
her half-brother Moray forced Mary to abdicate so he could become regent
Mary was unpopular as some objected to being ruled by a female monarch
military defeats forced Mary to abdicate eg Carberry Hill
How fully6 marks2015Q8β³ Older formatMary Queen of Scots, and the Scottish Reformation, 1542β1587
How fully does Source C describe the events surrounding the trial of Mary, Queen of Scots in 1587?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use Source C and recall.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source C
Source C describes the events surrounding the trial of Mary, Queen of Scots in 1587.
At first Mary thought that she would not attend her trial. However she learned that the trial would be held even in her absence. Mary defended herself but she was not allowed to call her own witnesses. The trial started on the 14th of October and lasted two days. During this time she was not even allowed to consult any documents. Mary told her servants that she knew she would be found guilty because it was too great a risk to let her live.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make an overall judgement about how fully the source explains the events.
1 mark may be given for each valid point interpreted from the source or each valid point of significant omission provided.
Up to 3 marks for interpretation of relevant parts of the source where at least one point of significant omission is also identified.
A maximum of 2 marks may be given for answers which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
she learned that the trial would be held in her absence
Mary defended herself/not allowed to call witnesses
Mary was not even allowed to consult any documents during her trial
she knew she would be found guilty because it was too great a risk to let her live
Points of significant omission
Mary was arrested in September 1586 and held at Fotheringay Castle until her trial
Mary was implicated in a number of plots against Elizabeth eg Babington Plot, 1586
Mary was charged with treason
Mary was denied legal counsel
Mary claimed that she could not be accused of treason because she was not an English subject
Mary was convicted on 25 October 1586 and sentenced to death
Mary was beheaded on 8 February 1587 at Fotheringay Castle
Describe5 marks2014Q1β³ Older formatMary Queen of Scots and the Scottish Reformation, 1542β1587
Describe the events which led Mary, Queen of Scots, to move to France in 1548.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Describe Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)
One words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A second words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A third words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A fourth words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
Example: One use of new technology on the Western Front during the First World War was mustard gas, which was used to blind soldiers and make it more difficult for them to fight.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark for each point that is developed.
Full marks by four straightforward points, two developed points, or a combination.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be given for each accurate relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark should be given for each point that is developed, up to a maximum of 5 marks.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing five straightforward points, by making three developed points, or a combination of these.
Possible points of knowledge
English wanted Mary to marry Edward, son of Henry VIII, Treaty of Greenwich
Scots cancelled their agreement for Mary to marry Edward, this angered Henry
Henry VIII sent armies to destroy Scottish cities/punish the Scots β known as the 'Rough Wooing'
English armies tried to capture Mary
English armies burned Edinburgh/Borders Abbeys, St Andrews etc
English defeated the Scots at the Battle of Pinkie, 1547
Scots needed French help/French agreed if Mary married the French Dauphin (Treaty of Haddington)
Mary left for France from Dumbarton in August 1548
How fully5 marks2014Q2β³ Older formatMary Queen of Scots and the Scottish Reformation, 1542β1587
How fully does Source A explain the reasons for the growth in the Protestant religion in Scotland? (Use Source A and recall.)
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Source A is about the growth of Protestantism in Scotland.
The Protestant form of worship meant that people could participate much more in services. The Bible was available in English, not Latin; therefore people who could not read Latin could still understand it. Only churchmen and a few others could understand Latin. A conflict between Catholics and Protestants was developing in Scotland for various reasons. Some people began to criticise the Catholic Church because of its great wealth. Local priests were resented for charging people for christening their children. This was a ceremony people would not dare go without.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make an overall judgement about how fully the source explains the events.
1 mark may be given for each valid point interpreted from the source or each valid point of significant omission provided.
The candidate can achieve up to 3 marks for their interpretation of the parts of the source they consider are relevant.
A maximum of 2 marks may be given for answers which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
The Protestant form of worship meant that people could participate much more in services.
The Bible was available in English, not Latin; therefore people who could not read Latin could still understand it
Some people began to criticise the Catholic Church because of its great wealth
Local priests were resented for charging people for christening their children.
Points of significant omission
Some Scots began to resent the wealth of the Catholic Church eg excessive spending on decoration
Some priests & nuns attacked for setting bad example eg spent wealth on themselves not the poor/broke vow of chastity
Resentment at the way Protestant preachers had been treated led to more sympathy for Protestants eg Wishart burned as a heretic
Resentment at Catholic foreign influence at court (French)
Creation of the Lords of the Congregation/many favoured Protestantism
Scottish Parliament that met in 1560 was controlled by men who had sympathised with the Reformation
Scottish Parliament banned the celebration of mass in 1560/agreed to end the power of the Pope over the Church in Scotland
Lack of priests or poor quality of priests caused resentment
Evaluate the usefulness5 marks2014Q3β³ Older formatMary Queen of Scots and the Scottish Reformation, 1542β1587
Evaluate the usefulness of Source B as evidence of Protestant attitudes towards Mary, Queen of Scots, during her reign in Scotland.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(You may want to comment on who wrote it, when they wrote it, why they wrote it, what they say or what has been missed out.)
Tip: Highlight up to 2 content points you would quote (content is worth up to 2 marks) β then consider author, purpose, timing and omission.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source B
Source B is from a sermon written in the 1560s by John Knox.
In 1563 there was a great famine in Scotland. But in the north of the country, where Mary had travelled before harvest time, the famine was hardest with great suffering. Many people died. Thus did God punish the many sins of our wicked Queen and her followers. The excessive celebrations and huge feasts in the palace and in the country provoked God into this action.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Evaluate the usefulness Β· Appears in 2 sections
Remember COAT
πContent β what the source says
π«Omission β what the source leaves out
βοΈAuthor β who wrote it
πTiming β when it was written
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Source X says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X also says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X omits _____. This makes the source less useful. Source X also omits _____. This makes the source less useful.β 1 mark (omission)
Source X was written by _____. This makes the source useful because they have personal / professional experience of, or are an expert in, words from the question.β 1 mark (author)
Source X was written in _____. This is useful as it was during the time of / has the benefit of hindsight about words from the question.β 1 mark (timing)
How it's marked
Maximum 4 marks for comments on author, type of source, purpose and timing.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on the content of the source.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on points of significant omission.
π‘You can also comment on the Purpose and Type of source.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be given for each relevant comment made, up to a maximum of 5 marks in total.
A maximum of 4 marks can be given for evaluative comments relating to the author, type of source, purpose and timing.
A maximum of 2 marks may be given for comments relating to the content of the source.
A maximum of 2 marks may be given for points of significant omission.
Aspects of the source
Author: John Knox β Useful as he was an influential Protestant reformer/hated Mary as a Catholic ruler
Type of Source: Sermon β Useful as heard by Protestant followers/public expression of Knox's views
Purpose: To persuade β Less useful as it is biased/enthusiastically condemns Mary and her Catholic religion/to persuade people to turn against Mary
Timing: 1560s β Useful as it was delivered when the Protestant faith was growing in Scotland
Content
In the north of the country, where Mary had travelled before harvest time, the famine was hardest with great suffering. Many people died β Less useful as Knox blames Mary for causing famine β extreme and much exaggerated view/but perhaps useful as many Protestants also held these views
Thus did God punish the many sins of our wicked Queen and her followers β Less useful as he claims God is punishing Scotland for having a Catholic Queen - extreme and much exaggerated view/but perhaps useful as many Protestants also held these views
The excessive celebrations and huge feasts in the palace and in the country provoked God into this action β Less useful as he claims God punished Scotland because of Mary's behaviour - extreme and much exaggerated view/but perhaps useful as many Protestants also held these views
Points of significant omission
John Knox denounced Mary for her whole way of life, she was an 'ungodly ruler', eg dancing criticised
Knox would often lecture Mary on religion, condemning Catholicism (Mary reduced to tears by him on one occasion)
Some Protestants were happy with Mary eg she tolerated their religion/ensured the Protestant Church had an income
Explain5 marks2014Q4β³ Older formatMary Queen of Scots and the Scottish Reformation, 1542β1587
Explain the reasons why Riccio became unpopular with Darnley and the Scottish nobles.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must show a causal relationship between events.
1 mark should be given for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be given for reasons that are developed.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing five straightforward reasons, three developed reasons, or a combination of these.
Possible reasons
Nobles persuaded Darnley that Riccio was too friendly with Mary/implied they were having an affair
Riccio was humiliating the Scottish nobles by making them ask him to see Mary
Riccio was boasting about his influence over Mary
Riccio was dressing and behaving like a nobleman which angered the nobles as he was below them in status
Darnley thought Riccio had persuaded Mary not to give him the crown matrimonial, which angered Darnley
Some nobles thought Riccio was a spy sent by the Pope so were suspicious of Riccio
