Support or oppose

Evidence to support Lily Robertson's view that there should be a referendum on whether Australia becomes a republic:

1. Source 1 states 'They argue it is unfair to have a head of state who is not elected or an Australian citizen.' (1 mark — accurate use of Source 1 but minimal development)
2. Source 1 states 'They argue it is unfair to have a head of state who is not elected or an Australian citizen' which links to Source 3 where Shane says, 'We should be able to choose an Australian citizen instead of having a British King or Queen as the unelected head of state.' (2 marks — accurate use of Sources 1 and 3 linking two pieces of evidence)

Credit reference to aspects of the following:

1. Source 1 states 'He is not elected or appointed — he is the King and therefore head of state by birthright. Some Australians dislike this because King Charles III is British and lives in the UK.'
2. Source 1 says that 'public opinion research on this issue showed a wide range of views. Some people wanted Australia to become a republic and supported a referendum on the issue.'
3. Source 2 shows that those aged under 35 support Australia becoming a republic — 52% to 48%
4. Lucia in Source 3 states 'We should listen to the King who says we should be able to have a referendum if we want'
5. Masai in Source 3 states 'We should become a republic as this is what the younger generation, who are the future of Australia, want.'

Evidence to oppose Lily Robertson's view that there should be a referendum on whether Australia becomes a republic:

1. Source 1 states 'most people preferred Australia to remain as a constitutional monarchy.' (1 mark — accurate use of Source 1 but minimal development)
2. Source 1 states 'most people preferred Australia to remain as a constitutional monarchy' which links with Source 2 where the pie chart shows that 57% of those who were surveyed said they believe Australia should remain a monarchy. (2 marks — accurate use of Source 1 and Source 3 linking two pieces of evidence)

Credit reference to aspects of the following:

1. Source 1 states 'The last time Australians voted on this issue was in 1999, when they chose to keep the monarchy. Some believe this was a once-in-a-lifetime decision and that another referendum should not be held.'
2. Source 1 says that 'They argue that Australia should instead focus on current problems, such as unemployment and the cost of living.'
3. Source 2 shows that men, women, and those aged 35-49, 50-64 and 65+ are in favour of Australia remaining as a monarchy
4. in Source 3 Luke states 'We had a referendum in 1999, and we voted to remain a constitutional monarchy. We should not need to vote on this again'
5. in Source 3 Elira states 'We should be addressing important issues such as rising electricity costs rather than waste time debating whether Australia should become a republic or not.'
6. Alf in Source 3 says 'Australia being a constitutional monarchy and having the same head of state as the United Kingdom gives me a sense of security. This is the view of many older people like myself.'

Evidence to support the view of Jess Porter that MUP has been a success in Scotland:

1. Source 1 states that 'According to recent studies, since the introduction of MUP, alcohol sales in Scotland have fallen.' (1 mark — accurate use of Source 1 but minimal development)
2. Source 1 states that 'According to recent studies, since the introduction of MUP, alcohol sales in Scotland have fallen.' This can be linked to Source 3 where Professor Barbour says that 'Our research has shown MUP has reduced alcohol sales in Scotland, and this has undoubtedly benefitted the nation's health.' (2 marks — accurate use of Sources 1 and 3 linking two pieces of evidence)

Credit reference to aspects of the following:

1. Source 1 states that 'according to research it is estimated that each year, on average, MUP has saved 268 lives and has prevented 899 hospital admissions.'
2. Source 1 states that 'The alcohol products that MUP has specifically targeted, such as strong ciders and spirits, have seen the biggest reduction in sales since the pricing policy was implemented.'
3. Source 2 shows that a majority (52%) of those surveyed said they buy less alcohol because of MUP.
4. Joe in Source 3 says 'I don't drink strong cider or spirits anymore as it is simply too expensive.'
5. Source 3 states 'MUP has saved hundreds of lives that would otherwise have ended in early deaths, as well as reducing the number needing hospital care which in turn has saved the NHS money.'

Evidence to oppose the view of Jess Porter that MUP has been a success in Scotland:

1. Source 1 says that 'A high number of deaths in Scotland continue to be linked to alcohol.' (1 mark — accurate use of Source 1 but minimal development)
2. Source 1 says that 'A high number of deaths in Scotland continue to be linked to alcohol.' This can be linked to Source 2 which shows that the number of deaths due to alcohol has increased since the introduction of the MUP policy in 2018, from 1,136 to 1,277 in 2023. (2 marks — accurate use of Sources 1 and 2 linking two pieces of evidence)
3. Source 1 says that 'A high number of deaths in Scotland continue to be linked to alcohol.' This can be linked to Source 2 which shows that the number of deaths due to alcohol has increased since the introduction of the MUP policy in 2018, from 1,136 to 1,277 in 2023. This is an increase of 141 deaths, which is a big increase and shows that MUP is clearly not preventing deaths and therefore can't be considered a resounding success. (3 marks — accurate use of Sources 1 and 2 linking two pieces of evidence with evaluation)

Credit reference to aspects of the following:

1. Source 1 states that 'among those drinking at harmful levels or people who are dependent on alcohol, there has been no clear evidence of a change in alcohol consumption'
2. Source 1 states 'The price increase of alcohol due to MUP has led to some economically vulnerable people experiencing increased financial strain as they spend more on alcohol than they can afford. This can lead to those who are dependent on alcohol reducing other spending, such as that on food and utilities'
3. in Source 3 Fergus says that 'My friend drinks too much and MUP has simply meant he spends more to maintain his drinking habits which hurts him financially'
4. Dr Yang in Source 3 says 'I see patients every week who are dependent on alcohol and their situation hasn't improved since MUP was introduced'
5. in Source 3 Fjolla says 'I heard on the news that deaths due to alcohol continue to increase. This proves MUP isn't working.'

Evidence to support Imogen Nolan's view that general elections should use a form of proportional representation instead of First Past the Post:

1. Source 1 states 'there is a growing feeling amongst the public that the FPTP system is unfair and should be replaced.' (1 mark — accurate use of Source 1 but minimal development)
2. Source 1 states 'there is a growing feeling amongst the public that the FPTP system is unfair and should be replaced' which links to Source 2 that shows public support for PR was 51% in 2023, up from 27% in 2011. (2 marks — accurate use of Source 1 and Source 2 linking two pieces of evidence)
3. Source 1 states 'there is a growing feeling amongst the public that the FPTP system is unfair and should be replaced' which links to Source 2 that shows public support for PR was 51% in 2023, up from 27% in 2011. This shows a significant increase in support for PR to over half of those surveyed. (3 marks — accurate use of source 1 and 2 linking two pieces of evidence with evaluation)

Credit reference to aspects of the following (support):

1. Source 1 states 'Using PR means that the percentage of votes gained by a party closely equals the percentage of seats, making the electoral system fairer.'
2. Source 1 states 'While supporters of FPTP claim it is a popular and widely used system, this is often not the case, especially in elections throughout Europe.'
3. Source 1 states 'It is also argued that FPTP produces disproportionate results that may help create safe or marginal seats.'
4. Source 1 shows PR would improve the number of seats won for Labour and the Liberal Democrats.
5. Source 2 shows decreased support for FPTP, from 66% in 2011 to 44% in 2023.
6. Source 2 shows increased support for electoral reform from all three parties.
7. Source 3 states 'It is successfully used in the Scottish Parliament, the Welsh Parliament and Scottish local council elections.'
8. Source 3 states 'PR is fairer for smaller parties.'
9. Source 3 'Using PR will also solve the issue of safe and marginal seats.'

Evidence to oppose Imogen Nolan's view that general elections should use proportional representation instead of First Past the Post:

1. Source 1 says that the high turnout rates in general elections prove that voters are happy with the current system. (1 mark — accurate use of Source 1 but minimal development)
2. Source 1 says that the high turnout rates in general elections prove that voters are happy with the current system. This is backed up by Source 3 which says that over 67% voted in the 2019 general election. (2 marks — accurate use of Source 1 and Source 3 linking two pieces of evidence)
3. Source 1 says that the high turnout rates in general elections prove that voters are happy with the current system. This is backed up by Source 3 which says that over 67% voted in the 2019 general election. This is over two thirds and is clearly a majority. (3 marks — accurate use of Source 1 and Source 3 linking two pieces of evidence with evaluation)

Credit reference to aspects of the following (oppose):

1. Source 1 states 'In the last UK-wide referendum on the Parliamentary voting system in 2011, voters were asked if they supported using a different electoral system to elect MPs, to which the majority voted 'no'.'
2. Source 1 states that 'In the 2019 general election, FPTP produced a clear winner with the Conservative Party gaining over half of the seats which gave them a strong majority to pursue their manifesto promises.'
3. Source 1 'FPTP…ensures extremist parties do not gain power.'
4. Source 2 shows us that not all political parties support electoral reform, with less than a third of Conservatives supporting reform.
5. Source 3 states that it is simple for voters to use 'with voters only requiring to mark an 'X' against the candidate of their choice.'
6. Source 3 states 'FPTP also means that extremist parties can't gain power in our political institutions which is good for democracy.'

Evidence to support Sheila Connor’s view that Andacia has made environmental improvements in recent years:

1. The Andacian government has passed several laws to try and reduce pollution levels (Source 1). (1 mark — accurate use of Source 1 but minimal development)
2. The Andacian government has passed several laws to try and reduce pollution levels (Source 1). This is supported by Source 3 where Laura has said that these new laws have led to over a 30% drop in air pollution levels. (2 marks — accurate use of Source 1 and Source 3 linking two pieces of evidence)
3. The Andacian government has passed several laws to try and reduce pollution levels (Source 1). This is supported by Source 3 where Laura has said these new laws have led to over a 30% drop in air pollution levels which is a significant reduction. (3 marks — accurate use of Source 1 and Source 3 linking two pieces of evidence with evaluation)

Credit reference to aspects of the following:

1. Andacia Environmental Protection Act (2019) which created much stricter rules around what waste could be legally dumped (Source 1)
2. Alternative Energies Act (2010) to move away from traditional fuels such as coal (Source 1)
3. companies have improved water quality in rivers by removing chemicals from waste products (Source 1)
4. wind turbine targets met by 2022 (Sources 1, 2 and 3)
5. Nikki — ‘There has been a big increase in the fish and wildlife in my local river in recent years as there are less chemicals being added.’ (Source 3)
6. Laura — ‘It is great to see that the government has listened to environmental protests and introduced new laws to protect Andacia.’ (Source 3)

Evidence to oppose Sheila Connor’s view that Andacia has made environmental improvements in recent years:

1. Andacians are dying due to the air pollution in our cities according to Mustafa (Source 3). (1 mark — accurate use of Source 3 but minimal development)
2. Andacians are dying due to the air pollution in our cities according to Mustafa (Source 3). This is backed up by Source 1 which states air pollution contributes to the death of over 15,000 people each year. (2 marks — accurate use of Source 1 and Source 3 linking two pieces of evidence)
3. Andacians are dying due to the air pollution in our cities according to Mustafa (Source 3). This is backed up by Source 1 which states air pollution contributes to the death of over 15,000 people each year. This is an issue for the government as it is ten times more deaths as those who die in car accidents. (3 marks — accurate use of Source 1 and Source 3 linking two pieces of evidence with evaluation)

Credit reference to aspects of the following:

1. it has relied on primary industries such as mining in the past which are now seen as bad for the environment (Source 1)
2. there have still been local problems with chemicals leaking into rivers (Source 1)
3. factories are adding greenhouse gases through their energy use and their refusal to install solar panels due to the financial burden that this would bring (Source 1)
4. companies have been issued with significant fines (Source 1)
5. this has caused outrage amongst environmental pressure groups in Andacia who have called for immediate action (Source 1)
6. increase in greenhouse gas emissions (Source 2)
7. Aiden — ‘Environmental change is too slow. As a country we still rely on traditional energy sources which are causing an increase in greenhouse gas emissions.’ (Source 3)

Evidence to support Sally Frost's view that Physical Activity Labelling should be made compulsory in the UK

1. Source 1 states that Physical Activity Labelling (PAL) would be one way of improving overall health by encouraging the reduction in calorie intake. (1 mark — accurate use of Source 1 but minimal development)
2. Source 1 states: 'It could be a way to reduce overeating', which links to Source 3 where Nasir states 'obesity leads to so many health issues (such as heart disease, strokes and diabetes) so if this helps people indulge less, it should be given a chance'. (2 marks — accurate use of Source 1 and Source 3 linking two pieces of evidence)
3. Source 1 states: 'A recent study indicates that there is support for the introduction of PAL and that people asked thought it might change their behaviour.' This links to Source 2 which highlights 61% of people asked were very likely or somewhat likely to make changes to their eating habits because of PAL. This is almost two thirds of those asked. (3 marks — accurate use of Source 1 and Source 2 linking two pieces of evidence with evaluation)
4. Source 1 states it could 'encourage people to exercise more to burn off the calories they have consumed'
5. each year the UK spends £47 billion on the treatment of obesity which is a burden on the NHS
6. Source 3, Leo, states 'Treating diabetes is a major problem for the NHS – anything that helps save the health service money has to be good'.

Evidence to oppose Sally Frost's view that Physical Activity Labelling should be made compulsory in the UK

1. An international study in 2018 reported no significant reduction in calories from PAL. (1 mark — accurate use of Source 1 but minimal development)
2. Source 1 says that PAL could prove confusing alongside existing traffic light labelling and this links to Source 3 and the comment from Sophie 'Food packaging already has lots of information so adding more may confuse people'. (2 marks — accurate use of Source 1 and Source 3 linking two pieces of evidence)
3. Source 1 says that 'a 'snack tax' on biscuits, cakes, chocolates and sweets would be more likely than PAL to change consumer purchasing.' This links to Source 2 which shows that a majority of people (52%) did think that a snack tax would be likely to encourage people to change their eating habits. This is significantly more than those who said it would be unlikely to change their eating habits, (35%). (3 marks — accurate information linked from two sources with some evaluation of the information)
4. Source 1 'people spend very little time looking at food packaging before deciding whether to buy it or not', linked to Source 3, Sophie, 'I have my doubts this will make a difference as people pay little attention to food labels'
5. 'This will increase eating disorders' (Molly, Source 3)
6. 'People already take some responsibility for their choices: we're already very well informed with existing food labels and the importance of regular exercise'. (Josh, Source 3)
7. Source 1 states, 'around two thirds of adults in the UK take regular exercise as a way of keeping healthy'.

Support

1. I can support Minah Chopra when she says that ‘Women now experience equality in India’ as Source 1 states that ‘The Indian government has many laws in place to protect its citizens and create an equal society’. (1 mark — accurate use of Source 1 but minimal development)
2. I can support Minah Chopra when she says that ‘Women now experience equality in India’ because Source 1 says ‘The government in India was set the Millennium Development Goal of having gender equality in education by 2015’. This links to Source 2 which shows that there are 92·9% girls in primary education and 91·7% boys. (2 marks — accurate use of sources 1 and 2, linking two pieces of evidence)
3. I can support Minah Chopra when she says that ‘Women now experience equality in India’ as in Source 3 Vidya says ‘Women are making great political progress and over 260 million of them voted in the most recent election.’ This links to Source 1 which claims ‘Women participate in Indian politics with the country ranked 15th out of 144 countries for female participation’. This shows that many women are participating in politics and that India has a high global ranking for women’s participation. (3 marks — accurate information linked from two sources with some evaluation of the information, for example, ‘This shows . . .’)

Credit reference to aspects of the following:

1. there is a law ensuring people are given equal pay for equal work and also to prevent any discrimination at work (Source 1)
2. women outlive men by close to three years (Source 2)
3. although women’s health is poor, compared to men, 5% less of them die from heart disease (Source 2)
4. Aamar — Women’s rights are protected by many laws within India (Source 3).

Oppose

1. I can oppose Minah Chopra when she says that ‘Women now experience equality in India’ as in Source 3 Salman states ‘Despite many laws going back decades women in India are still not equal as these laws are frequently ignored by both the police and communities.’ (1 mark — accurate use of source 3 but minimal development)
2. I can oppose Minah Chopra when she says that ‘Women now experience equality in India’ as according to Sonny in Source 3 ‘The gender pay gap in India is one of the highest in the world and this is preventing progress for women at all levels.’ This links to source 1 which states ‘India is ranked 139th in the world for female economic equality according to The World Economic Forum.’ (2 marks — accurate use of Source 1 and Source 3, linking two pieces of evidence)
3. I can oppose Minah Chopra when she says that ‘Women now experience equality in India’ as according to Sonny in Source 3 ‘The gender pay gap in India is one of the highest in the world and this is preventing progress for women at all levels.’ This links to source 1 which states ‘India is ranked 139th in the world for female economic equality according to The World Economic Forum.’ There is further support for this in Source 2 which shows that women’s average earnings are only 196 rupees compared to 242 rupees for men. (3 marks — accurate information linked from three sources)

Credit reference to aspects of the following:

1. literacy rates remain a concern as only 60% of girls are described as literate compared to 81% of boys (Source 1)
2. there is a higher death rate for baby girls with many believing that some baby girls are left to die (Source 1)
3. economic data — only 26% women hold a bank account (Source 2)
4. Cleo — Women’s health still lags behind that of men. There needs to be more money invested to reduce disease (Source 3).

Option 1: Danny Wilson is not selective in his view “The homeless problem in Scotland is caused by a lack of available houses.”

1. Candidate should give information that Danny Wilson has selected because it supports his view.
2. Danny’s view is not selective as Source 1 shows that the number of new houses is down 38%. [1 mark—accurate use of Source 1 but minimal development]
3. Danny’s view is not selective as Source 1 shows that the number of new houses built in 2011/12 fell to a four-year-low of 15,900 which is not nearly enough to tackle the huge numbers who have been accepted as homeless—35,515 households according to Source 1. [2 marks—accurate and detailed use of statistics]
4. The “Right to Buy” policy has reduced the numbers of available homes by 80,411 [S2] which means fewer “decent homes for rental” [S1].
5. Only 7,847 council houses are empty [S1] which is not enough considering that over 35,000 households have been accepted as homeless by our local councils. [S1]
6. Councils are not building enough new houses, only 5,861 according to Source 2. This is partly due to the 45% cut in the Scottish Government’s housing budget [S1] which should be reversed [S3] if the problems are to be tackled.

Option 2: Danny Wilson is selective in his view “The homeless problem in Scotland is caused by a lack of available houses.”

1. Candidate should give information that Danny Wilson has not selected because it does not support his view.
2. Danny Wilson’s view is selective when he says ‘the homeless problem in Scotland is caused by a lack of available houses’ as source 3 shows that people are made homeless for a variety of reasons which have nothing to do with a shortage of available homes. These include release from prison or hospital, which accounts for 5% of the homeless. Although this is only one in twenty people, the situation has been made worse by massive Government cuts of 45% which has exaggerated the problem for vulnerable groups [S3] and not helped the charities like SACRO and APEX who have limited funding. [S1 and S3] [3 marks—accurate use of information from two sources with some evaluative terminology used regarding the statistic included, ie “only one in twenty” and “massive”]
3. Over 40% of homeless people are homeless because of reasons including being intimidated by anti-social (S1) or violent neighbours (S3). This accounts for 5% of the homeless and is not caused by a lack of housing.
4. Some people become homeless because they do not pay their rent or mortgage. This is a small figure (5%) but it is not caused by a lack of housing as there are 87,000 empty houses in Scotland and 7,847 empty council houses.
5. Danny is selective because a comparison of all types of empty houses (S1) (87,000) and the numbers who are homeless (35,515) show that there are more than enough available houses to meet demand.
6. Homelessness has fallen by 2,585 households since 2010–11, accompanied by a fall in new houses. If a shortage of houses was to blame then homelessness would have gone up.

Option 1: Billy Mackenzie is not selective in his view, “Giving anyone caught carrying a knife a prison sentence is a good way to reduce knife crime.”

1. Candidate should give information that Billy Mackenzie has selected because it supports his view.
2. Billy’s view is not selective as Source 2 supports his view because the number of convictions for carrying a knife is higher in 2007/08 compared with 1998/99. [1 mark—accurate use of source 2 but minimal development]
3. Billy’s view is not selective as Source 2 supports his view because the number of convictions for carrying a knife has risen in most years from 1998/99 when it was about 7,000 until it reached a peak in 2006/07 at over 10,000. [2 marks—accurate and detailed use of statistics (Source 2) showing current system not working.]
4. Community groups have called on the Government to take action on deterring young people from carrying such weapons (Source 1) backed by “People are worried about crime.” (Source 3).
5. The number of people sent to prison for carrying a knife in public fell to a five-year-low in 2008 when only one in three offenders were jailed (Source 1) backed by rise in number of murders with knives at its peak (53%) (Source 2) showing current system not working.
6. 1,200 offenders were sentenced for possession of a knife or offensive weapon between 2004 and 2009, but only 314 were given custodial terms (Source 1) backed by percentage of murders with knives rising from 37% in 2005 to 48% in 2007 and handling an offensive weapon rising from around 9,000 to 10,000 in Source 2.
7. In 2009, one in five people convicted of carrying a knife or offensive weapon in Edinburgh has previously been charged for a similar offence (Source 1) shows current sentences do not deter the carrying of knives. This is backed by 78% of Glasgow youths who said they would stop carrying a knife if they were given a prison sentence (Source 1)

Option 2: Billy Mackenzie is selective in his view, “Giving anyone caught carrying a knife a prison sentence is a good way to reduce knife crime.”

1. Candidate should give information that Billy Mackenzie has not selected because it does not support his view.
2. Billy Mackenzie’s view is being selective when it says ‘giving all people caught carrying a knife a prison sentence is a good way to reduce knife crime’ as only 30% of young people thought that introducing tougher sentences would reduce knife crime which is quite a small percentage and this is supported by Louise McKay who says that locking up people who carry knives is not the answer to tackling this problem. [3 marks—accurate use of information from two sources with some evaluative terminology used regarding the statistic included, ie ‘only’ and ‘quite a small percentage’]
3. Scottish Prisons reported that as a result of overcrowding, offenders were not serving their full sentence and were being released early (Source 1). This shows that introducing mandatory sentencing will only crowd prisons further.
4. 30% of young people thought that introducing tougher sentences would reduce knife crime (Source 1) which is a minority backed by Source 3. “Locking up people is not the answer...”
5. 53% of teens questioned thought that community sentences were an appropriate punishment for young people found carrying a knife. Backed by Source 3. “Community projects would help young people realise how much damage they can do to themselves and others by carrying a knife. ...” (Source 3).

Evidence to support Ivy Jackson's view that enough support is being provided to reduce reoffending

1. Source 1 highlights that 'If used, the charities which offer support for released prisoners have excellent success rates at reducing reoffending'. (1 mark — accurate use of Source 1 but minimal development)
2. Source 1 highlights that 'If used, the charities which offer support for released prisoners have excellent success rates at reducing reoffending'. This is backed up in Source 2 where it states that '78% of offenders who receive this support successfully stay out of jail'. (2 marks — accurate use of Source 1 and Source 2 linking two pieces of evidence)
3. Source 1 highlights that 'If used, the charities which offer support for released prisoners have excellent success rates at reducing reoffending'. This is backed up in Source 2 where it states that '78% of offenders who receive this support successfully stay out of jail'. This shows that the majority of offenders who access available support are less likely to reoffend. (3 marks — accurate information linked from two sources with some evaluation of the information, that is 'this shows…')

Credit reference to aspects of the following (support)

1. they can provide advice and support as to how to access state benefits and also support ex-prisoners back into education and training, giving them a better chance at staying on the straight and narrow (Source 1)
2. one-to-one mentoring has been shown to turn people away from crime by helping them address practical or personal problems, such as relationship issues, accessing housing or healthcare, or finding training or work (Source 2)
3. supporting people to overcome these challenges can stop them offending in the future (Source 2)
4. Turn2Us is a charity which helps prisoners turn away from crime after release. They arranged a local advisor to meet with Lauren and create an action plan for her first few months after release. This ensured she knew what she was entitled to financially and supported her on her return to a local college (Source 3)
5. Lauren has had a successful return to society and has not reoffended in the first five years since her release. This is due to her success at accessing available support. (Source 3)

Evidence to oppose Ivy Jackson's view that enough support is being provided to reduce reoffending

1. Source 1 states that 'Some prisoners on release are receiving limited support and are struggling with problems, such as no accommodation and a lack of skills and resources to start again'. (1 mark — accurate use of Source 1 but minimal development)
2. Source 1 states that 'Some prisoners on release are receiving limited support and are struggling with problems, such as no accommodation and a lack of skills and resources to start again'. This is backed up in Source 3 where it states 'On his release Hamish was placed in a temporary bed and breakfast for the first two weeks…' (2 marks — accurate use of Source 1 and Source 3 linking two pieces of evidence)
3. Source 1 states that 'Some prisoners on release are receiving limited support and are struggling with problems, such as no accommodation and a lack of skills and resources to start again'. This is backed up in Source 3 where it states 'On his release Hamish was placed in a temporary bed and breakfast for the first two weeks…' Source 3 also highlights that 'He has since had no support for his mental health issues…' (3 marks — well developed point — accurate use of two sources)

Credit reference to aspects of the following (oppose)

1. some prisoners have even been handed tents on leaving prison to use as their accommodation. This can then lead them to reoffending in order to survive (Source 1)
2. charities are available to offer support for released prisoners however they rely on the prisoners contacting them directly. This can be difficult as many prisoners do not have access to mobile phones or the internet on their release (Source 1)
3. Hamish was advised to contact Step Together, however he had no access to the internet to do so (Source 3)
4. an issue with these support services provided by charities and the voluntary sector is that they rely on funding from the public (Source 1)
5. funding for these services has decreased from 10·7 million in 2015 to 8·4 million in 2017. (Source 2)

Support

1. I can support the view of Archie Murray when he states 'there is widespread support for replacing the current system used to elect MPs… in the House of Commons' because Source 3 shows that Green MP Caroline Lucas states 'the movement for a fairer voting system is stronger than ever'. (1 mark – accurate use of Source 3 but minimal development)
2. I can support the view of Archie Murray when he states 'there is widespread support for replacing the current system used to elect MPs… in the House of Commons' because Source 3 shows that Green MP Caroline Lucas states 'the movement for a fairer voting system is stronger than ever.' This can be linked within Source 1 because it explains that Lucas' Private Members' Bill for electoral reform received cross-party support from five different political parties. (2 marks – accurate use of Source 1 and Source 3 linking two pieces of evidence)
3. I can support the view of Archie Murray when he states 'there is widespread support for replacing the current system used to elect MPs… in the House of Commons' because Source 1 shows that there has been a rise in popularity of reform groups supporting changing the way we elect MPs. This can be linked to Source 3 where Iain Thorpe from Earth News states they will continue to campaign against the use of first-past-the-post in UK elections and work with a cross-party group of MPs calling for immediate action. This shows that people are still unhappy and will continue to campaign for change. (3 marks – accurate information linked from two sources with some evaluation of the information ie 'this shows…').
4. Credit reference to aspects of the following:
5. increasing support for changing the voting system. 25% in 2005 but by 2017 this had increased to just over 40% (nearly doubled) (Source 2)
6. views of Molly Miller 'growing tide of support for change' (Source 3)
7. Electoral Reform Society has supported the idea of changing the system used for voting since 1884 (Source 3)
8. Private Members' Bill supported by five different political parties linked to Source 3 detailing support from Labour UKIP, SNP, Liberal Democrats and Greens (Source 1)
9. Labour MP voicing support for the Electoral Reform Bill (Source 3).

Oppose

1. I can oppose the view of Archie Murray when he states 'there is widespread support for replacing the current system used to elect MPs in the House of Commons' because Source 1 states opponents to change argue that the 'public want to retain the current system as they recognised that it works'. (1 mark – accurate use of Source 1 but minimal development)
2. I can oppose the view of Archie Murray when he states 'there is widespread support for replacing the current system used to elect MPs in the House of Commons' because Source 1 states opponents to change argue that the 'public want to retain the current system as they recognise that it works'. This can be linked to Source 2 that shows that in 2017 over half of those surveyed did not want electoral reform for General Elections. (2 marks – accurate use of sources 1 & 2 that links two pieces of evidence)
3. I can oppose the view of Archie Murray when he states 'there is widespread support for replacing the current system used to elect MPs in the House of Commons' because Source 3 states that the Private Members' Bill put forward by Caroline Lucas was voted down in the House of Commons by 81 to 74 votes, demonstrating that there is not widespread support for replacing the current system. This can be linked to Source 2 which further proves this point as it shows that in the referendum on replacing the current system the majority of voters said 'no'. In total, a substantial 13 million voters, more than double that of the yes voters, did not support for replacing the current system. (3 marks – accurate information linked from two sources with some evaluative language ie 'majority' 'substantial' 'more than double')
4. supporters argue FPTP has many benefits, eg simple to use and stable governments (Source 1)
5. desire for change not supported by current government and opposition (Source 1)
6. 13,013,123 voters said 'No' to changing the parliamentary voting system (Source 2)
7. Joe Charlton 'we have already had a referendum that delivered a decisive decision' & 'the government is right not to support any change' (Source 3)
8. Niamh Armour 'if we move to PR then extremist parties will gain power…' (Source 3).

Supporting the view ‘Foodbanks are an effective solution to food poverty.’

1. Foodbanks have fed over 1 million people who would have been hungry without this essential service. (1 mark — evidence drawn from source 1)
2. Foodbanks help to prevent crime, housing loss, family breakdown and mental health problems (source 1). Local police have issued food vouchers to prevent shoplifting (source 3). (2 marks — evidence linked from source 1 and source 3)
3. Source 1 shows there has been a huge rise from 346,992 to over 1 million people using foodbanks which shows that they are needed. This can be linked to the 15% rise in the cost of food shown in source 2 and the rise in the numbers of children and working age adults without children who live in absolute poverty. (3 marks — evidence linked from source 1 and 2 with evaluative terminology)
4. Credit reference to aspects of the following:
5. Foodbanks also make time to chat and direct clients to other helpful services such as debt advice and career guidance (source 1)
6. Large increases in household bills eg gas and electricity, mean people have less money to spend on food (source 2)
7. There has been a doubling in food poverty over the last four years (source 1).

Opposing the view ‘Foodbanks are an effective solution to food poverty.’

1. Foodbanks are not an effective solution: the community representative in source 3 points out that they are only on the rise because it’s free and because it’s there. (1 mark—evidence drawn from source 3)
2. Some household bills have actually decreased: broadband bills are 40% less in 2016 than they were in 2013 and rent and council tax have only gone up by a small percentage therefore people should have enough money to spend on food. The number of working age parents living in absolute poverty has not increased much since 2009 and so there is no need for food banks. (3 marks—evidence linked from within source 2 with evaluative terminology)
3. A useful emergency stopgap: not a long term solution
4. Not really needed: people who spend all their benefits use foodbanks (source 3)
5. Foodbanks don’t help people with long-term issues, such as addiction, alcoholism and mental illness. A local council is spending over £240,000 on foodbanks. It’d be better spent on addiction clinics (source 3)
6. Must address the real reasons why people can’t afford food (source 3)
7. Higher wages are a better solution to food poverty (source 3)
8. Free school meals are a better solution to food poverty (source 3).

Samara Ezra is supported (not selective) in her view, “Police Scotland is successfully tackling serious organised crime”.

1. Candidates should give evidence from the Sources that support Samara Ezra’s view.
2. Samara’s view is supported (not selective) as source 1 states that Police Scotland has built partnerships with the public to tackle drugs crime and reduce the sale of counterfeit goods. Thousands of counterfeit CDs and DVDs have been seized during an intelligence led operation in Glasgow. (1 mark – accurate use of source 1 but no development).
3. Samara’s view is supported (not selective) as Police Scotland are cooperating much more with European organisations such as Europol to increase the exchange of intelligence to and from Scotland. This is supported by source 3 which says Police Scotland are also now working closely with HM Revenues and Customs and other European agencies to monitor and share information, in the fight against organised crime. (2 marks – evidence linked from sources 1 and 3).
4. Credit reference to aspects of the following:
5. Police Scotland has built partnerships with the public to tackle drugs crime and reduce the sale of counterfeit goods. Thousands of counterfeit CDs and DVDs have been seized during an intelligence led operation in Glasgow. This can be demonstrated in the dramatic increase in the amount of drug seizures that have happened between 2013 and 2016. For example, class C drugs have nearly doubled from 3311 to 5463 between 2013 and 2016. (sources 1 and 2)
6. Source 3 states that “The Scottish Government however have tried to help by tightening the laws surrounding what people can be prosecuted for in relation to organised crime”. This links with source 1 which states that “New offences have been introduced which has led to the conviction of those involved in organised crime.” and “Police Scotland has stated that even with these difficulties, they have increased the number of arrests in relation to organised crime.” Finally, if you look at source 2 that has been a steady increase between 2013 and 2016 in the number of arrests associated with organised crime. (sources 1, 2 and 3)

Samara Ezra is opposed (selective) in her view, “Police Scotland is successfully tackling serious organised crime.”

1. Candidates should give evidence from the Sources that oppose Samara Ezra’s view.
2. Samara Ezra’s view is opposed (selective) because it says in source 1, “the Police find it very difficult to investigate and monitor communications. It is currently too easy for the key figures in organised crime to carry out their illegal activities online”. This is supported by source 3 which says that “Criminals are now using apps, such as WhatsApp and BBM, which are based on their smart phones to contact each other. This means that they do not have itemised bills and it is much more difficult to trace and investigate them.” This is supported further in source 2 where it shows that between 2013 and 2016 the most of the communications that was done in 2013 by people involved in organised crime was telephone calls and this had changed to WhatsApp and BBM in 2016. (3 marks—accurate information from three sources with some evaluative terminology used regarding the pie charts in source 2, ie “most”)
3. The budget for Police Scotland needs to be increased from £1.1 billion to £1.3 billion to address the issues that have arisen concerning investigating organised crime (sources 1)
4. Police Scotland is hindered by the strict guidelines imposed which limits the types of communication methods they have access to in an investigation. This links with source 1 which states “To improve performance, a government committee needs to be set up in order to investigate how Police Scotland can work with communication companies in their fight against organised crime.” (sources 1 and 3)

Support

1. Some parties, such as the SNP, have experienced huge increases in their membership. After the referendum, SNP membership rose from 26,000 to over 100,000. (S1 & S3) [2 marks – developed point]
2. Young people are taking part in politics in new ways such as petitioning, boycotts, demonstrations and online activity such as blogging and internet campaigning (S1). 64% of under18s used social media for information on the referendum (S3). Source 2 also shows 36% of young people have signed a petition, the highest of all age groups (S2) [3 marks – developed point]

Support — Credit reference to aspects of the following

1. People were very engaged in the Independence Referendum eg East Dunbartonshire 91% (S3)
2. 65% of Scots say they have had "lots of conversations with family and friends" about the referendum, compared with 29% who have not (S3)
3. Scottish turnout in elections to Westminster was 70% in 2015 and has always been over 50% (S2)
4. Participation in the Independence Referendum was high, Glasgow had the lowest turnout at 75% which is a large majority of the population (S3)

Oppose

1. Younger voters have significantly lower turnout rates at elections than the middle-aged and elderly and since 2001 no General Election has seen more than 50% of young people turn out to vote (S1) [1 mark – basic point]
2. Ross Monroe is wrong because in the last three General Elections (2005, 2010, 2015) between 30% and 41% of the Scottish electorate didn't bother to vote (S1) and recent election figures in source 2 show that turnout for European elections is especially low, about a third, and turnout for Scottish elections is below 60% (S2) [3 marks – developed point with evaluative comment]

Oppose — Credit reference to aspects of the following

1. Membership of the three traditional Westminster parties (Conservative, Labour and Liberal Democrat) has fallen (S1)
2. Participation varies by region: in the Independence Referendum Glasgow had the lowest turnout at 75%. The highest was East Dunbartonshire at 91% (S3)
3. Very few people contact their MP, contacted radio, TV or newspapers or went on a protest or demonstration (S2)

Support

1. Evidence to support (not selective) Morag's view that the House of Lords does need reform include:
2. Source 2 highlights that the % of house of Lords under 60 has decreased from 22% to 16% [1 mark – accurate use of Source 2 but minimal development]
3. Source 2 highlights that the % of House of Lords under 60 has decreased from 22% to 16% yet almost ¾ of the population (77%) are under 60, highlighting underrepresentation of under 60s. [2 marks – accurate use of Source 2 with analysis]
4. Source 2 highlights that the % of House of Lords under 60 has decreased from 22% to 16% yet almost ¾ of the population (77%) are under 60, highlighting underrepresentation of under 60s. This is backed up by Source 3 that shows that 2 peers are under the age of 40 but more than ten times that number are over the age of 90 [3 marks – accurate information from two sources with analysis]

Support — Credit reference to aspects of the following

1. None of the 790 members are directly elected (S1)
2. Women, ethnic minorities and disabled are underrepresented (S2)
3. The number of privately educated Lords is 50% which is disproportionate to the UK population of 7% (S2)
4. Lord Tyler states that House of Lords was "London's best day centre for the elderly" with members able to claim up to £300 per day in expenses for just "turning up and shuffling off"

Oppose

1. Evidence to oppose (selective) Morag's view that the House of Lords does not need reform include:
2. Source 1 highlights that many Lords bring great experience and expertise to Parliament. [1 mark –accurate use of Source 1 but minimal development]
3. Source 1 highlights that many Lords bring great experience and expertise to Parliament in the field of medicine, law, business and science and this is supported by Source 3 which states that the House of lords can be useful when opposing bills in the House of Parliament [2 marks – accurate use of 2 sources]
4. Source 1 highlights that many Lords bring great experience and expertise to Parliament in the field of medicine, law, business and science and this is supported by Source 3 which states that the House of lords can be useful when opposing bills in the House of Parliament. Source 3 also highlights that House of Lords can play a valuable role in scrutinising and revising legislation [3 marks – well developed point – accurate use of 2 sources]

Oppose — Credit reference to aspects of the following

1. In 1995 there were 7% women in the Lords, today about 25% are women (S2)
2. Lord Speaker is female - Baroness d'Souza (S1)
3. Female members increased significantly – 7% to 25% (S2)
4. Lack of enthusiasm for change from both houses as well as the British public (S3)
5. Disabled members has increased by 9% (S2)
6. 1995 over ½ of the members were hereditary peers whereas by 2016 approximately 90% of members are life peers

Evidence to support the view of Kristen Nunez

1. In the USA levels of crime have fallen sharply. [1 mark – accurate use of Source 1 but minimal development]
2. In the USA levels of crime have fallen sharply. A study from Harvard University says there is no evidence which proves widespread gun ownership among the general population leads to higher incidents of murder. [2 marks – accurate use of information from different parts of Source 1]
3. In the USA levels of crime have fallen sharply. A study from Harvard University says there is no evidence which proves widespread gun ownership among the general population leads to higher incidents of murder. This is backed by Source 2 which shows that France has comparatively few gun deaths and they allow gun ownership. [3 marks – accurate use of information from Sources 1 and 2]
4. Credit reference to aspects of the following:
5. France allows gun ownership but has the second lowest murder rate [Source 3].
6. France allows gun ownership but has approximately one third of the violent crime that Russia has [Source 3].
7. USA has the highest gun ownership rate but has less than half the murder rate that Russia has [Source 3].

Evidence to oppose the view of Kirsten Nunez

1. In Source 1 The Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence found that the U.S. firearm homicide rate is 20 times higher than the combined rates of 22 countries with similar levels of wealth. [1 mark – accurate use of Source 1 but minimal development]
2. Kristen is wrong as Japan is clearly the safest country as it has by far the lowest murder rate and it does not allow guns of any kind. [2 marks – accurate use of information from two different Sources]
3. USA allows gun ownership but has the highest rates of robbery [Source 3].
4. Brazil allows guns but has the second highest rate of violent crime and the highest murder rate [Source3]. Also from Source 2 it has the highest gun deaths.
5. Any other valid reason that meets the criteria described in the general marking instructions for this kind of question (see column to left).

Evidence to support the view of Ted King

1. Two aid workers were shot dead in Afghanistan. [1 mark – accurate source of Source 1 but minimal development]
2. Afghanistan is a drug producer and it is more dangerous because two aid workers were shot dead in Afghanistan while the murder rate in the USA (a drug using country) has halved. [2 marks – accurate use of information from different parts of Source 1]
3. Afghanistan is a drug producer and it is more dangerous because two aid workers were shot dead. Afghanistan also has the second highest number of violent kidnappings. This figure is three times higher than for the highest drug using country, the USA. [3 marks – accurate use of information from Sources 1 and 3 with evaluative comment.]
4. Credit reference to aspects of the following:
5. Colombia has "no-go" areas (Source 1).
6. Colombia has highest murder rate (Source 3).
7. Colombia has highest kidnapping rate (Source 3).
8. All three producers have very high kidnappings (Source 3).
9. El Salvador (user) has reduced its murder rate by 80% (Source 1).
10. USA (user) murder rate has fallen (Source 1).

Evidence to oppose the view of Ted King

1. The USA is more dangerous as it has the most drug related crime at 104 per 100,000. This is nearly double the highest drug producing country, Colombia. [2 marks – accurate use of Source 2 with evaluative comment]
2. Ted is wrong as the USA is more dangerous. One gang member admitted killing forty people and it has far more serious assaults at 874. [2 marks – accurate use of information from two different Sources]
3. Ted is clearly wrong as the USA (not a drug producer) is more dangerous. One gang member admitted killing forty people and it has far more serious assaults than any of the drug producers at 874. The highest figure in the drug producing countries is 100 in Peru which is only around a ninth of the USA figure. [3 marks – accurate use of information from two sources with evaluative comment]
4. President says Afghanistan is safer (Source 1).
5. Lowest total crime rates are in Colombia and Peru (Source 2).
6. USA has highest total crime rate (Source 2).
7. USA has most drug crime (Source 2).
8. Afghanistan has the lowest murder rate (Source 3).
9. USA has the most serious assaults (Source 3).
10. Any other valid reason that meets the criteria described in the general marking instructions for this kind of question (see column to left).

Oliver Thomson is supported (not selective) in his view, "Victims of crime in Scotland receive satisfactory support."

1. Oliver Thomson's view is supported (not selective) because it says Surveys show that victims are satisfied with the help and support given to them as victims of crime. This is supported by Source two which says that 69% of victims are happy with police support and further that 74% were happy with Victim Support Scotland. Both of these figures show a significant majority of victims who are satisfied. (3 marks—accurate information from two parts of Source 2 with some evaluative terminology used regarding the statistic included, ie "significant majority")

Credit reference to aspects of the following (support)

1. Victim Support Scotland (VSS) is a voluntary group which provides a listening service for victims. Their volunteers can be easily contacted by phone, email or face to face (Source 1).
2. The Victims and Witnesses Bill, proposes a "victim surcharge", meaning that those who commit crimes will contribute to the cost of providing support to victims eg house alarm systems and travel costs to hospital (Source 1 and 3).
3. Over £5 million per year is provided by the Scottish Government to support Victim Support Scotland and they have committed to maintaining that level of funding (Source 1).
4. The Scottish Government has made a very positive attempt to support victims of crime in introducing the Victim and Witness Bill (Source 3).
5. Victims on the whole are happy with the support they get from voluntary groups and the police (Source 3).

Oliver Thomson is opposed (selective) in his view, "Victims of crime in Scotland receive satisfactory support."

1. Oliver's view is opposed (selective) as the Scottish Victim Crisis Centre is a voluntary group which has a 9 month waiting list for victims who wish to talk about their experiences of crime (1 mark – accurate use of Source 1 but no development).
2. Oliver's view is opposed (selective) as the Scottish Victim Crisis Centre is a voluntary group which has a 9 month waiting list for victims who wish to talk about their experiences of crime. This is supported by Source 3 which says the funding given to some voluntary groups is simply not enough to support the level of demand for services such as counselling and advice. (2 marks – evidence linked from Sources 1 and 3).

Credit reference to aspects of the following (oppose)

1. Victim Support volunteers are not trained counsellors and can only give practical information (Source 1).
2. Funding is so low in the Scottish Victim Crisis Centre that victims often get an engaged tone or an answering machine (Source 1).
3. The Scottish Government give the Scottish Victim Crisis Centre £50,000 a year but staff say this is nowhere near enough to meet the demand for their services (Source 1).
4. The funding given to some voluntary groups is simply not enough to support the level of demand for services such as counselling and advice (Source 3).
5. Some voluntary groups are not able to give full training to their staff as they can't afford it (Source 3).

Sophie Wilson is supported (not selective) in her view "There have been great improvements in the UK's health in the last 10 years."

1. Sophie's view is supported (not selective) by Source 1 which shows that life expectancy has increased. [1 marks –accurate use of Source 1 but minimal development]
2. Sophie's view is supported (not selective) by Source 1 which shows that life expectancy has increased in the last 10 years from 77 years to 80 years because we are making better lifestyle choices. [2 marks – accurate use of Source 1 and detailed use of statistics]
3. Sophie's view is supported (not selective) by Source 1 which shows people are making better lifestyles choices. This is supported by Source 2 that shows the number of people smoking has decreased by 5% for both men and women in the last 10 years. This has also led to a decrease in the number of heart attacks associated with smoking. This shows that the UK's health has improved. [3 marks – accurate information from two Sources with some evaluation of the statistics, ie '..this shows the UK's health has improved.']

Credit reference to aspects of the following (support)

1. People are eating healthier and exercising more (Source 1).
2. Big decrease in death rates compared to other countries (Source 1).
3. Smoking rates for men and women have fallen (Source 2) because Government outlawed smoking in public places (Source 3).
4. The number of admissions to hospitals has decreased, these include children's asthmas admissions from 26,969 cases in 2006 to 20,167 cases in 2013 (Source 3).
5. The Government has worked hard to improve the health of the nation (Source 1) by passing laws banning smoking in public places (Source 3).

Sophie Wilson is opposed (selective) in her view "There have been great improvements in the UK's health in the last 10 years."

1. Sophie's view is opposed (selective) as Source 1 shows many doctors warn that more has to be done to tackle the growing problem of childhood obesity and the health problems it causes. This is supported by Source 2 that shows the number of adults who are classed as obese has also risen over the last 10 years, with a 5% increase in Scotland and a 4% increase in England. This shows that health relating to obesity has not improved over the last 10 years. [3 marks – accurate information from two Sources with some evaluation of the statistics, ie '..this shows Britain's health has not improved..']

Credit reference to aspects of the following (oppose)

1. Source 1 shows that obesity is a big problem in the UK.
2. Britain's health still poor compared with other Western European Countries (Source 1).
3. Since 2004, the number of obese children suffering from diabetes has doubled (Source 1)
4. Obesity rates in Scotland and in England are increasing (Source 2).
5. Approximately one in five adults continue to smoke in the UK (Source 3), with male smoking rates constantly higher than female rates (Source 2).
6. Source 3 shows that people are still making bad health choices, especially in Scotland with 27% of adults smoking and up to 40% in deprived inner city areas.( Source 3)